PM511V16 shine babban sigar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun Unit na Tsakiyar Processing Unit (CPU) don tsarin Advant Controller 450. A matsayin 'kwakwalwa' na duka mai sarrafawa, ita ke da alhakin aiwatar da software na tsarin, daidaitawar mai sarrafawa, da shirye-shiryen aikace-aikace, yin aiki a matsayin dandamali don duk ayyukan sarrafawa na lokaci-lokaci da ƙididdiga. The '16' a cikin ƙirar ƙirar sa yana nuna cewa an sanye shi da 16 Mbytes na Ƙwaƙwalwar Rarraba-Access (RAM). Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen sigar (PM511V08, 8 Mbytes), yana ba da mafi girman ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana ba da tallafi don ƙarin hadaddun, aikace-aikacen sarrafawa mafi girma da ayyukan sarrafa bayanai.
ABB Advant OCS (Open Control System) babban tsari ne na sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, wanda ya ƙunshi dangi na raka'a na kwamfuta da cibiyar sadarwar yanki don sadarwa. A cikin wannan gine-ginen, Mai Gudanarwa shine ainihin sashin kwamfuta inda ake aiwatar da aikace-aikacen sarrafawa.
Advant Controller 450 babban mai sarrafawa ne a cikin jerin Advant OCS, wanda aka ƙera don haɗaɗɗen binary, tsari, da kulawar kulawa. Yana iya aiki a matsayin tsayayyen tsarin ko kuma a haɗa shi azaman mai sarrafawa a cikin tsarin sarrafawa da aka rarraba, sadarwa tare da sauran kayan aikin Advant OCS (kamar sauran masu sarrafawa, tashoshin mai aiki, da tashoshin injiniya) don samar da ci gaba na cibiyar sadarwa ta atomatik. Tsarin zai iya ɗaukar dubban siginar shigarwa/fitarwa, haɗa kai tsaye ko nesa, kuma yana iya yin mu'amala tare da raka'o'in I/O da aka rarraba, masu sarrafa nau'in PLC, da motocin DC ɗin ta hanyar bas ɗin filin.
2. Cikakken Bayanin Hardware na PM511V16
2.1 Core Processor da Ayyuka
An gina tsarin PM511V16 a kusa da Motorola 68040 microprocessor. Wannan microprocessor na ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya 32-bit tare da ainihin mitar aiki na 25 MHz. Mabuɗin fasalinsa sun haɗa da:
Haɗe-haɗe-Sashe-Point Unit (FPU): Mai ikon iya sarrafa hadaddun ayyukan lissafin lissafi da tsarin sarrafawa algorithms ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin mai sarrafa aiki ba.
Rukunin Gudanar da Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa (MMUs): Haɗa umarni masu zaman kansu guda biyu da raka'o'in sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar buƙatun bayanai, suna tallafawa sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda ke haɓaka ingantaccen aiki da yawa da kariyar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Cache Dual-Channel: Yana da keɓance koyarwar 4 kB da cache bayanai 4 kB, yadda ya kamata yana rage jinkirin samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ga mai sarrafawa kuma yana haɓaka saurin aiwatar da umarni.
2.2 Tsarin ƙwaƙwalwa
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin PM511V16 ya ta'allaka ne a cikin babban ƙarfinsa, ingantaccen ingantaccen tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya:
Ƙarfin: Yana ba da 16 Mbytes na RAM mai ƙarfi don adana tsarin tsarin lokaci, tsarin tsarin sarrafawa, da shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen mai amfani.
Ƙungiya da Dubawa: An tsara ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin tsarin 64-bit kuma an sanye shi da 8-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) da Ayyukan Gyara Kuskure (ECC). ECC na iya ganowa da gyara kurakurai-bit guda da gano kurakurai biyu-bit. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin bayanai da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin dogon lokaci a cikin mahalli masu sarrafa masana'antu, hana rashin daidaituwar sarrafawa ko raguwar kurakurai masu laushi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Manufa: Wannan RAM ɗin yana aiki azaman filin aiki mai aiki ga duk software a lokacin lokacin aiki mai sarrafawa, daga tsarin aiki zuwa dabarun sarrafa rubutaccen mai amfani.
2.3 Bus da Interfaces
Futurebus+ Interface: Tsarin yana amfani da ingantaccen matakin allo na Futurebus+, yana goyan bayan adireshi 32-bit/layin bayanai da kuma amfani da yanayin canja wuri mai tilastawa. Yana amfani da tsarin sasantawa da aka rarraba yana goyan bayan saƙon sasantawa, yana tabbatar da babban sauri, amintaccen musayar bayanai tare da wasu nau'ikan (misali, ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa) akan jirgin baya mai sarrafawa.
S100 I/O Interface: Yana ba da keɓancewar keɓancewa ga bas ɗin tsawo na S100 I/O. Ta hanyar wannan keɓancewa, PM511V16 na iya haɗawa zuwa allunan tsawo na bas (kamar DSBC 174 ko DSBC 176) waɗanda ke cikin racks S100 I/O, ta haka sarrafa da sarrafa babban adadin S100 jerin tsarin I/O allon da yuwuwar rarrabawa a cikin ɗakunan kabad.
Ramin PCMCIA: Module na gaba yana da ramin PCMCIA wanda aka ƙera musamman don saka katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar filasha. Ana amfani da wannan katin don adana software na tsarin (samfurin tsarin tsarin tsarin da ɗakunan karatu na zaɓi na zaɓi). Lokacin farawa tsarin, ana loda software ta atomatik daga katin walƙiya zuwa RAM, yana kafa tushe don dawo da tsarin.
Mai Haɗin Kayan Aikin Sabis: Ƙungiyar ta gaba ta haɗa da mai haɗawa don kayan aikin sabis, sauƙaƙe ma'aikatan kulawa a haɗa tashoshin injiniya (misali, Advant Station 100 Series Engineering Stations) don daidaitawa, bincike, ƙaddamarwa/zazzage shirin, da sauran ayyuka.
2.4 Taimakon Sarrafa Mai Ragewa
PM511V16 an ƙera shi tare da manyan buƙatun samuwa a zuciya, yana nuna goyan bayan kayan aikin ginanniyar don daidaitawar aikin mai sarrafawa:
Hot Standby Mechanism: Lokacin da aka saita shi a cikin tsarin mai sarrafa dual-processor (firamare ɗaya, madadin ɗaya), tsarin dabaru na cikin PM511V16 yana ba da damar yin kwafin duk ayyukan 'rubutu' na ainihi daga na'ura mai sarrafawa na farko zuwa na'ura mai sarrafawa.
Sauye-sauye mara sumul: Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ƙwaƙwalwar na'ura mai sarrafa ta koyaushe tana kiyaye cikakken, hoton madubi na zamani na bayanan na'urar sarrafawa ta farko. Bayan gano gazawar a cikin na'ura mai mahimmanci na farko, na'ura mai sarrafa kayan aiki zai iya ɗaukar iko nan da nan kuma ya ci gaba da aiki daga maƙasudin katsewa, yana samun canji mara ƙarfi na matakin millisecond. Wannan yana haɓaka haɓaka tsarin sarrafawa gabaɗaya da haƙurin kuskure, yana biyan buƙatun ci gaba da aiki a aikace-aikacen sarrafa tsari mai mahimmanci.
2.5 Ma'anonin Matsayi da Interface Mai Aiki
Module na gaba panel yana ba da wadataccen abubuwan keɓancewar na'ura na ɗan adam don sauƙaƙe kulawa da kiyayewa akan rukunin yanar gizo:
Alamar LED:
F (Ja): Alamar kuskuren Module.
RUN (Green): Module yana gudana kullum mai nuna alama.
HLT (Ja): CPU dakatar da nuna alama.
TO (Yellow): Alamar ƙarewar bas.
BC (Green): Ajiyayyen ƙarfin lantarki don alamar haɗin RAM.
DUAL (Green): Mai nuna alamar shirye-shiryen na'ura mai ƙima (a cikin saitunan da yawa).
Sauyawa Mai Zaɓan Yanayin Fara: Maɓallin jujjuya matsayi huɗu don zaɓar farkon mai sarrafawa da yanayin aiki (misali, CLEAR, STOP, AUTO, OFF LINE). Wannan shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don sarrafa halayen farawa tsarin.
SHIGA Maɓallin Tura: Ana amfani da shi don fara mai sarrafawa da hannu.
2.6 Halayen Wutar Lantarki da Kanikanci
Bukatun Wuta:
5V DC: Yawanci 4900mA, Matsakaicin 6000mA.
24V DC: Yawanci 200mA, Matsakaicin 280mA.
Rushewar Wuta (Zafi): Yawanci 25 W.
Bayanan Injini:
Girman Module: Yayi daidai da 12 SU (Sauran Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa)
Nauyin Module: Kimanin 0.8 kg.
3. Matsayin PM511V16 a cikin Tsarin Advant Controller 450
3.1 Platform don Tsarin Software da Shirye-shiryen Aikace-aikace
RAM 16 MB na PM511V16 yana ɗaukar duk software mai gudana don Advant Controller 450:
Shirin Tsari: Ya haɗa da tsarin aiki na lokaci-lokaci, ɗimbin tsarin sadarwa, shirye-shiryen bincike, masu fassara nau'ikan PC, da sauransu, yawanci masana'anta an shigar da su akan katin filasha na PCMCIA kuma ana loda su a farawa.
Kanfigareshan Tsarin Mai Gudanarwa: Yana bayyana tsarin kayan masarufi na tsarin (misali, lamba, nau'in, adiresoshin allunan I/O, hanyoyin sadarwa, da sauransu), waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar daidaitawa a tashar injiniya.
Shirye-shiryen Aikace-aikacen (Shirin PC): Sarrafa dabaru da mai amfani ya rubuta ta amfani da AMPL (ABB Master Programming Language). AMPL shine harshe toshe aikin hoto inda masu amfani ke gina dabarun sarrafawa masu rikitarwa ta hanyar haɗa daidaitattun abubuwan PC kamar AND, PID, masu ƙidayar lokaci, ƙididdiga, da sauransu. PM511V16 yana da alhakin fassara da aiwatar da waɗannan shirye-shiryen.
3.2 Injin Kisa don Madaidaicin madaukai
Advant Controller 450 yana goyan bayan aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa. Masu amfani za su iya keɓance lokutan zagayowar daban-daban, kama daga 5 ms zuwa 32 s, zuwa tubalan ayyukan sarrafawa daban-daban (rakunan aiwatarwa). Ƙarfin 68040 CPU da babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na PM511V16 suna tabbatar da cewa ko da tare da ƙididdige ƙididdiga na I / O da ƙididdiga masu rikitarwa, ana iya biyan buƙatun ainihin-lokaci, daidai da kammala duk tsarin samar da siginar shigarwa, ƙididdigar sarrafawa, da siginar fitarwa na shakatawa a cikin kowane zagaye.
3.3 Cibiyar Sadarwa da Haɗin kai
A matsayin babban abin sarrafawa, PM511V16 yana sarrafa duk hanyoyin sadarwa na ciki da na waje na Advant Controller 450 ta hanyar ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban a cikin ƙaramin mai sarrafawa:
Haɗin Sama: Musanya bayanai tare da Advant Station 500 Series Operator Stations da Tsarin Gudanar da Bayani (IMS) ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwa kamar MasterBus 300/300E, karɓar umarnin mai aiki da loda bayanan tsari da ƙararrawa.
Haɗin ƙasa: Yana sadarwa tare da nau'ikan na'urori masu yawa (masu firikwensin, masu kunnawa, I/O da aka rarraba, kayan aiki masu wayo, tuƙi) ta hanyar bas ɗin filin kamar Advant Fieldbus 100, PROFIBUS-DP, LONWORKS, kuma ta hanyar tsawo na bas na S100 I/O.
Haɗin kai na gefe: Yana aiwatar da sadarwar ɗan adam tare da sauran Masu Gudanar da Advant don aiwatar da hadaddun dabarun sarrafawa da aka rarraba.
Hanyoyin Sadarwar Waje: Yana goyan bayan EXCOM (saduwa tare da kwamfutoci na waje), Multi-Vendor Interfaces (MVI, misali, Modbus, Siemens 3964 (R)), da dai sauransu, sauƙaƙe haɗin kai tare da tsarin ɓangare na uku.
4. Fa'idodin Fasaha da Darajar Aikace-aikacen
4.1 Babban Dogara da Samuwar
Ƙwaƙwalwar ECC: Yana kiyaye da kyau daga kurakuran ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya bazuwar, haɓaka amincin bayanai.
Support Redundancy Hardware: Yana ba da tushe mai ƙarfi don gina tsarin CPU mai yawa ba tare da gazawa guda ɗaya ba, musamman dacewa da masana'antu kamar sinadarai, mai & gas, da samar da wutar lantarki tare da buƙatun ci gaba mai girma.
Cikakkun Bincike: LEDs na gaba-gaba da cikakkun bayanan matsayin tsarin da ake samu ta tashoshin injiniya suna sauƙaƙe gano kuskure cikin sauri.
4.2 Ƙarfin Gudanar da Ƙarfi da Ƙarfafawa
25 MHz 68040 CPU + 16 MB RAM: Ya wakilci babban tsari don masu sarrafa masana'antu na zamaninsa, masu iya sauƙin sarrafa manyan sikelin, ayyuka masu ƙarfi gauraye, gami da manyan ayyukan dabaru, ƙa'idodin analog, da Advanced Process Control (APC) algorithms.
Zane Modular: A matsayin abin toshewa a cikin Advant Controller 450, yana sauƙaƙe haɓakawa da kulawa. Babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa kuma yana tanadin sarari don faɗaɗa ayyuka na gaba da ƙarin hadaddun aikace-aikace.
4.3 Canjin Aiki
PM511V16, a matsayin 'kwakwalwa' na Advant Controller 450, yana ba da damar yin amfani da wannan mai sarrafawa sosai a cikin:
Masana'antu Tsari: Ci gaba da sarrafa tsari a cikin masana'antu kamar sinadarai, sinadarai, magunguna, da abinci & abin sha.
Manufacturing: Complex samar line da inji iko a masana'antu kamar mota, karfe, kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara & takarda.
Makamashi da Ayyuka: Gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki (ciki har da sarrafa kwal, kula da ruwa, tsarin taimako), kula da ruwa / ruwan sha, tsarin dumama gundumomi, da sauransu.
Kamfanoni: Gine-gine na sarrafa kansa, lura da zirga-zirga, da sauransu.
4.4 Buɗe Ecosystem
Yin amfani da dandali na ABB Advant OCS, mai kula da gidaje na PM511V16 na iya haɗawa cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi mai fa'ida. Yana iya amfani da wadatattun ɗakunan karatu na aikin software (misali, PIDCON, PIDCONA mai daidaita kai, Raka'a Aiki), kayan aikin injiniya, da hanyoyin sadarwa na ma'aikata, rage sarƙaƙƙiya da tsadar aiwatar da aikin injiniya da kiyayewa na gaba.
