SR511 babban aiki ne na 24 V/5 V mai sauya yanayin wutar lantarki (SMPS) mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, musamman an tsara shi don tsarin tsarin sarrafawa (Controller Subrack) na ABB's Advant® Controller 450 da Advant Controller 400 jerin tsarin sarrafa masana'antu. Wannan module wani muhimmin sashi ne a cikin cibiyar rarraba wutar lantarki ta tsarin sarrafawa, mai alhakin canza ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki na 24V DC mara ƙarfi zuwa ƙarfin ƙarfin 5 V da 2.1 V DC mai tsafta, yana ba da abin dogaro, ƙarfin aiki mai inganci ga duk samfuran lantarki a cikin tsarin sarrafawa (misali, na'urori masu sarrafawa, samfuran sadarwa).
SR511 ya ƙunshi manyan ma'auni na ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki na masana'antu, yana nuna mahimman halaye kamar fitarwa mai ƙarfi (35A), ingantaccen juzu'i, tallafin redundancy n + 1, cikakken saka idanu da bincike, da goyan baya don kiyaye canjin zafi na kan layi. Ƙirar sa yana nufin saduwa da ƙwaƙƙwaran yanayin masana'antu don tsarin wutar lantarki babban aminci, samuwa mai yawa, da sauƙi na kulawa, yana mai da shi dutsen ginshiƙi don gina tsayayyen tsarin kula da Advant OCS.
Babban Ayyuka a cikin Dalla-dalla
1. Canjin Canjin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi, Ƙarfin Ƙarfin DC
Babban aikin SR511 shine don juyar da wutar lantarki 24 V DC da kyau daga babban tsarin samar da wutar lantarki (wanda aka samar ta raka'a rarraba wutar lantarki) zuwa daidaitattun ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata ta hanyoyin lantarki.
5 V Babban Fitarwa: Yana ba da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki wanda aka ƙididdige shi a 5.15 V (daidaitacce), tare da matsakaicin ci gaba da fitarwa na yanzu har zuwa 35 A (ban da na yanzu daga fitowar 2.1 V), wanda ya isa ya ba da iko ga duk manyan da'irori na dijital, masu sarrafawa, da na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin tsarin mai sarrafawa.
2.1 V Taimakon Fitarwa: Yana ba da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki wanda aka ƙididdige shi a 2.1 V, musamman an ƙera shi don samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarewa don bas ɗin layi daya (Futurebus +) akan tsarin tsarin baya na mai sarrafawa, yana tabbatar da daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na watsa siginar bas mai sauri.
Canjin Haɓaka Haɓaka: Yana amfani da fasahar samar da wutar lantarki ta yanayin canzawa tare da ingantaccen aiki na yau da kullun har zuwa 70%, yadda ya kamata yana rage asarar makamashi da ƙirar yanayin zafi, ta haka inganta ingantaccen ƙarfin kuzari da aikin sarrafa thermal na tsarin.
2. Cikakken n+1 Taimakon Gine-gine na Gine-gine Mai Rage Wuta
SR511 an ƙera shi musamman don gina tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da ba shi da yawa kuma shine mabuɗin don samun babban samuwa a cikin tsarin sarrafawa.
Aiki na Rarraba Daidaita Yanzu: Abubuwan da aka fitar (5V da 2.1V) na nau'ikan SR511 da yawa ana iya haɗa su kai tsaye a layi daya don haɗa haɗin bas ɗin baya. Ana raba nauyin halin yanzu ta atomatik tsakanin duk nau'ikan haɗin kai tsaye.
Samun n+1 Redundancy: A cikin daidaitaccen tsari na Advant Controller 450, tsarin tsarin mai sarrafawa yana sanye take da nau'ikan SR511 guda biyu. A lokacin aiki na yau da kullun, samfuran biyu suna raba kaya (n=1). Idan ɗayan tsarin ya gaza, ɗayan na iya ɗaukar cikakken nauyin nan da nan (+1), yana tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki mara katsewa ga tsarin ƙasa da ci gaba da aiki na tsarin.
Dual 24 V Inputs: Tsarin yana goyan bayan haɗin kai zuwa cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu masu zaman kansu 24 V (24 VA da 24 VB), suna ba da ƙarin aiki a gefen shigarwar, yana ƙara haɓaka amincin sarkar samar da wutar lantarki.
3. Cikakken Matsayin Kulawa da Alamar Bincike
Module gaban yana ba da bayyanannun alamun LED masu fa'ida don ma'aikatan kulawa don tantance matsayin aiki da sauri:
5 V (Green): Yana haskakawa lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa na 5 V ya kasance na al'ada ko a cikin yanayin wuce gona da iri (amma ba ƙarancin wuta ba). Wannan shine farkon alamar aiki na al'ada.
2 V (Green): Yana haskakawa lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa na 2.1 V ya kasance na al'ada ko a cikin yanayin haɓaka (amma ba ƙarancin wuta ba).
F (Ja, Laifi): Yana haskakawa lokacin da tsarin ya gano kuskuren ƙarancin wuta ko wuce gona da iri. Wannan siginar ƙararrawa ce mai buƙatar kulawa nan take.
Hannun Sa Ido a ciki: Tsarin yana ƙunshe da kewaya dabaru na saka idanu. Lokacin da tsarin ke aiki akai-akai, yana ƙaddamar da tashar fitarwa ta sigina ta hanyar mai jujjuyawar 100-ohm ta hanyar canjin semiconductor. Idan samfurin ya gaza ko ya ɓace, wannan tashar siginar tana nan a buɗe. Ana iya karanta wannan siginar ta manyan matakan sa ido na tsarin (misali, TC520) don ƙararrawa ta tsakiya da nunin matsayin tsarin.
4. Babban Kariya da Siffofin Tsaro
Don tabbatar da amincin tsarin da hana lalacewa ga tsarin kanta, SR511 ya ƙunshi hanyoyin kariya da yawa:
Kariyar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (OVP): Yana kunna lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa na 5 V ya wuce amintaccen kofa (yawanci 6.3 V ta hanyar lantarki; tare da ƙarin kariyar matsi na Zener na ~ 7 V azaman madadin), yana hana babban ƙarfin lantarki daga lalata kayan lantarki masu tsada masu tsada.
Fitowar Kariya na Ƙuntatawa na Yanzu/Yanzu: Fitowar 5V tana fasalta iyakancewa na yanzu (ƙimar ƙima 43 A, gami da nauyin 2.1 V). Idan akwai gajeriyar kewayawa mara kyau ko fiye da kima, ƙirar tana iyakance fitarwa na halin yanzu don hana lalacewa saboda nauyi.
Kariyar Shigar da Wuta: Kowace tashar shigarwar 24 V ana ba da shawarar a kiyaye ta waje ta mafi girman fuse 30 A.
Kariya-Sama da Zazzabi: Wurin fitarwa na 2.1V yana da kariyar zafin jiki na madaidaiciya. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya yi girma, ƙarfin fitarwa na 2.1V na yanzu yana raguwa ta atomatik don guje wa lalacewa ta dindindin daga zafi mai zafi.
5. Taimakawa don Kula da Canja-Zama na Kan layi (Masanyawa kai tsaye)
Wannan babbar fa'idar ƙira ce ta SR511, tana sauƙaƙe kulawa da tsarin sosai da rage lokacin da ba a tsara ba.
A cikin juzu'i mai yawa, lokacin da tsarin SR511 ɗaya ya gaza ko yana buƙatar kiyaye kariya, ma'aikatan kulawa za su iya cire kuskuren module kai tsaye ba tare da yanke wuta ba ko shafar aikin na yau da kullun na mai sarrafawa.
Tsarin Sauyawa: Lokacin shigar da sabon tsarin, dole ne a tura shi a hankali. Da zarar samfurin ya fara farawa (wanda aka lura da koren '5V' da '2V' LEDs masu haskakawa, da ja 'F' LED ɗin da ya rage), ɗan ɗan dakata, sa'an nan kuma cika shi da tsare shi. A yayin wannan tsari, ɗayan tsarin aiki na yau da kullun yana ɗaukar nauyin duka, yana tabbatar da cewa babu katsewa a cikin samar da wutar lantarki ga na'urorin da ke cikin mai sarrafawa.
Wannan fasalin yana guje wa buƙatar rufe duk mai sarrafawa ko ɓangaren tsarin don maye gurbin tsarin wutar lantarki guda ɗaya, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsarin masana'antu da ke buƙatar ci gaba da aiki na 24/7.
6. Modular da Daidaitaccen Haɗin kai
Daidaitaccen Shigarwa na Subrack: An ƙirƙira SR511 azaman madaidaicin 6 SU (Subrack Unit) tsayi, 12 mp (maki mai hawa) nisa pluggable module. Ana shigar da shi kai tsaye cikin wani ramin da aka keɓance a gaban ƙaramin mai sarrafawa (misali, RF533), haɗawa zuwa bas ɗin wuta da layukan siginar sa ido ta hanyar haɗin haɗin jirgin baya na ƙasa.
Gudanarwa Haɗe-haɗe: A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin muhalli na kayan masarufi na Advant OCS, ana iya sa ido kan matsayinsa ta hanyar software na tsarin, kuma hanyoyin maye gurbinsa suna bin ƙa'idodin kulawa ɗaya don kayan masarufi.
Ka'idodin Aiki dalla-dalla
1. Ka'idoji na asali na Canjin Wuta Mai Sauyawa
SR511 tana amfani da fasaha mai jujjuya juzu'i mai girma, tana ba da fa'idodi kamar babban inganci, ƙaramin girma, da ƙarancin zafi idan aka kwatanta da masu daidaita layin gargajiya. Babban aikin sa shine kamar haka:
Tacewar shigar da shigar: 24 V DC daga jirgin baya na ƙasa (24 VA da/ko 24 VB) ya fara shiga da'irar tacewa don cire hayaniya da tsangwama daga tushen wutar lantarki.
Sauyawa Mai Girma da Canji: Mahimmanci shine maɓallin wuta (misali, MOSFET) wanda ke tafiyar da da'irar sarrafawa. Da'irar sarrafawa da sauri tana kunna wannan kunnawa da kashewa a babban mitar (yawanci dubun zuwa ɗaruruwan kHz) a keke-da-keke.
Ajiye Makamashi da Canjawa: Lokacin da mai kunnawa ke kunne, ana amfani da ƙarfin shigarwar a kan inductor (da/ko mai canzawa), yana adana makamashin lantarki a cikin nau'in filin maganadisu, yana haifar da halin yanzu yana tashi a layi. Lokacin da mai kunnawa ya kashe, polarity na inductor yana juyawa don kiyaye halin yanzu, kuma ana fitar da makamashin maganadisu da aka adana ta hanyar diode mai motsi zuwa ƙarfin fitarwa, yana juyawa zuwa ƙarfin lantarki.
Modulation Width Pulse (PWM): Da'irar sarrafawa tana lura da ƙarfin fitarwa kuma tana kwatanta shi da ainihin ƙarfin magana na ciki. Idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana ƙara maɓalli akan lokaci a cikin zagayowar (watau yana ƙaruwa da zagayowar aiki), yana adana ƙarin kuzari a cikin inductor don ɗaga matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa; akasin haka, yana rage zagayowar aiki. Wannan hanyar daidaita ƙarfin fitarwa ta hanyar daidaita girman bugun jini ana kiranta PWM iko.
Fitar da Fitar da Ka'ida: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki bayan sauya canjin ana daidaita shi ta hanyar tacewa ta LC wanda ya ƙunshi inductors da capacitors, a ƙarshe yana samar da barga 5 V da 2.1 V DC tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki (yawanci <10 mV).
2. Ka'idodin Ragewa da Rarraba Daidaita Yanzu
'OR' Samar da Wutar Lantarki: Ana haɗa abubuwan shigarwa guda biyu 24 V a ciki a cikin tsarin dabaru na 'OR'; na'urar na iya aiki muddin shigar ɗaya ta al'ada.
Haɗin Daidaitaccen Fitowar Kai tsaye: Tashoshin fitarwa na 5 V da 2.1 V na duk kayan aikin SR511 ana haɗa kai tsaye tare ta hanyar jirgin sama mai ƙarfi na baya. Tunda wutar lantarki ta kowane nau'i tana daidaita daidai da ƙima ɗaya (misali, 5.15V), bisa ga Dokar Ohm, suna raba jimillar lodin halin yanzu da aka haɗa da wannan jirgin sama mai ƙarfi ta atomatik.
Ma'auni na Load: Madaidaicin madaidaicin ra'ayi na cikin module ɗin yana ba shi ɗan ƙaramin sifa ' ɗigo ', ma'ana ƙarfin fitarwa yana raguwa kaɗan yayin da fitarwa na yanzu ke ƙaruwa. Wannan sifa tana taimakawa wajen samun daidaiton yanayi na halin yanzu tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ɗaya, yana hana kowane nau'i ɗaya daga ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa.
Warewa Laifi: Lokacin da module ɗin ya gaza (misali, babu fitarwa ko ƙarancin ƙarfin fitarwa mai ƙarfi), da'irorinsa na kariya na ciki da diodes masu toshewa (ko hanyoyin sarrafawa) suna hana shi daga zana halin yanzu daga bas ko ja da wutar lantarki ta bas, yadda ya kamata 'keɓewa' shi daga tsarin ba tare da shafar aikin sauran kayayyaki na yau da kullun ba.
3. Ka'idodin Tsarin Wutar Lantarki da Kulawa
Madaidaicin Magana Tushen: Tsarin yana amfani da madaidaicin madaidaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki (misali, ma'anar bandgap) azaman maƙasudin tsari.
Cibiyar Samar da Amsoshi: Babban madaidaicin mai rarraba cibiyar sadarwa mai rarrabawa yana samar da ainihin ƙarfin fitarwa na 5 V, yana samar da siginar ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki daidai da fitarwa.
Amplifier Kuskure: Ana kwatanta siginar da aka ƙirƙira tare da ƙarfin magana, kuma an ƙara girman bambancin su (voltage na kuskure).
PWM Controller: Ana ciyar da fitarwa na amplifier kuskure a cikin guntu mai sarrafa PWM, wanda ke daidaita girman bugun jini yana motsa wutar lantarki dangane da girman siginar kuskure, yana samar da tsarin kula da martani mara kyau wanda a ƙarshe ya kulle ƙarfin fitarwa a ƙimar da aka saita.
Dabarar Hankali: Da'irar saka idanu mai zaman kanta tana ci gaba da sa ido kan ƙarfin shigarwa, ƙarfin fitarwa, da zafin jiki na ciki. Idan kowane siga ya wuce tagar amintaccen saiti, da'irar dabaru ta canza yanayin fitowar siginar 'Fault' (buɗe) kuma tana haskaka ja 'F' LED. A lokaci guda, ƙarancin wutar lantarki ko abubuwan da suka faru na wuce gona da iri ana mayar da su zuwa ga mai sarrafa PWM, yana haifar da ayyukan kariya.
4. Principles of Thermal Management and Heat Dissipation
Babban Haɓaka Yana Rage Ƙarfafa Heat: 70% babban juzu'i mai mahimmanci yana nufin kawai ƙaramin yanki na ikon shigarwa (~ 30%) yana bazuwa azaman zafi, ainihin rage yawan zafin jiki.
Gidajen Aluminum don Rushewar Zafi: Gidan ƙarfe na ƙirar yana aiki azaman ɗumi mai zafi, yana gudanar da zafi daga na'urorin semiconductor na ciki zuwa saman.
Tilastawa Air Convection: A cikin majalisar mai sarrafawa, rukunin fan (misali, RCS27) yawanci yana ba da ci gaba da kwararar iska mai sanyaya tilastawa a saman saman SR511 da sauran kayayyaki, ɗauke da zafi daga cikin majalisar don tabbatar da aiki a cikin kewayon zafin yanayi.
Kariya na thermal na Linear don Fitowar 2.1 V: Wannan fitarwa na iya amfani da ƙa'idar madaidaiciya ko ƙa'ida ta bayan tsari. Lokacin da aka gano yawan zafin jiki, ƙarfin tuƙinsa yana raguwa sosai, tsarin kariya don hana guduwar zafi.
5. Ƙa'idar Haɗin kai a cikin Tsarin Advant Controller 450
SR511 baya aiki a keɓe amma an haɗa shi da zurfi cikin gine-ginen ikon mai sarrafawa:
Sarkar wutar lantarki: Ana canza wutar lantarki ta waje AC ko DC zuwa 24 V DC ta hanyar sauya wutar lantarki / rarraba raka'a (SX5xx) da raka'o'in samar da wutar lantarki (SA1xx ko SD150), sannan aka rarraba zuwa subrack mai sarrafawa ta raka'a rarrabawar 24 V (SX554).
Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Bayar da Jirgin Sama: Ƙarfin 24V yana shiga cikin layin wutar lantarki na jirgin baya. Lokacin da aka shigar da tsarin SR511, tashoshin shigarwar sa suna haɗawa da Layer na 24 V na baya, kuma tashoshin fitarwar sa suna haɗawa da yaduddukan wuta na baya na 5 V da 2.1 V.
Haɗin Load: Duk nau'ikan da ke cikin ƙasan-modul ɗin sarrafawa (PM511), samfuran sadarwa (misali, CI531, CI541), masu ɗaukar kaya (SC520), da sauransu — zana wutar lantarki kai tsaye daga yaduddukan wutar lantarki na 5 V/2.1 V na baya ta hanyar haɗin haɗin jirginsu.
Kula da Tsari: An haɗa siginar 'Laifi' ta SR511 ta hanyar bas ɗin sa ido na baya zuwa tsarin sa ido kan yanayin tsarin (TC520). TC520 yana tattara matsayin duk mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa (ikon, magoya baya, da sauransu) kuma yana ba da ra'ayi na kiwon lafiya na duniya don masu aiki da ma'aikatan kulawa ta hanyar 'Run / Ƙararrawa' da kuma nunin yanayin yanayin tsarin.
Umarnin Shigarwa da Kulawa
Shigarwa
An shigar da SR511 a cikin ramin da aka keɓance a gaban ƙaramin mai sarrafawa (misali, RF533-slot subrack 12). A lokacin shigarwa, daidaita tsarin tare da jagororin subrack, zame shi cikin sumul har sai ya cika haɗin gwiwa tare da masu haɗin jirgin baya, sa'an nan kuma amintar da shi zuwa subrack ta amfani da sukurori a kan gaban panel ɗin module.
Sauya (Musanya Zafafan Kan layi a Tsarin Kanfigare Mai Sauƙi)
Shiri: Tabbatar cewa tsarin yana cikin aiki mai wuyar gaske tare da samfuran SR511 guda biyu suna aiki akai-akai (LEDs koren a kunne).
Cire Module maras kyau: Sake gyara sukurori akan hanun tsarin da za'a maye gurbinsu. Riƙe hannaye biyu da tsayuwar daka, a ci gaba da fitar da tsarin daga madaidaicin.
Duba Sabon Module: Tabbatar da sabon sigar lambar ya cika ko ya wuce bukatun tsarin.
Shigar da Sabon Module: A hankali saka sabon tsarin tare da jagororin. Mahimman Mataki: Tura a hankali. Lokacin da tsarin ya fara kunna wutar lantarki (wanda aka lura da koren '5V' da '2V' LEDs masu haskakawa, kuma ja 'F' LED ya rage), ɗan ɗan dakata, sannan a ci gaba da tura shi gabaɗaya har sai an haɗa shi sosai da jirgin baya.
Amintacce: Tsarkake sukurori masu gyarawa akan hannaye.
Tabbatarwa: Bincika cewa duk fitilu masu nuna alama akan sabon ƙirar suna nuna matsayi na yau da kullun (5V kore, 2V kore, F a kashe). Allon sa ido na tsarin bai kamata ya nuna ƙararrawa masu alaƙa ba.
Kulawa na rigakafi
Dubawa na yau da kullun: Yayin kiyaye tsarin yau da kullun, duba yanayin LED na samfuran SR511 na gani.
Tsaftacewa: Tare da kashe wutar lantarki, yi amfani da busasshiyar iska mai matsawa don tsaftace tarin ƙura daga filayen zafin zafin na'urar.
Kayayyakin Kaya: Tabbatar an adana abubuwan da suka dace na samfurin iri ɗaya a cikin marufi na anti-a tsaye.
Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Na Musamman
Ana amfani da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki na SR511 musamman a cikin yanayi masu zuwa:
ABB Advant Controller 450 daidaitaccen daidaitaccen tsari na mai sarrafawa, yana aiki azaman tushen samar da wutar lantarki don tsarin ƙasa mai sarrafawa.
Advant Controller 400 jerin dandamali masu buƙatar daidaitattun iko da matakan dogaro.
Duk wani aikin sarrafa masana'antu ko aikin sarrafa kansa na amfani da Advant mai kula da tsarin gine-ginen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen abin dogaro, mai yawa, kayan wuta mai zafi na 5V/2.1V.
