PP C322 BE babban aiki ne, babban manufa mai sarrafa shirye-shirye wanda ABB Industrie AG ya haɓaka don tsarin PSR. PSR, wanda ke tsaye ga 'Programmierbarer Schneller Regler' (Mai Kula da Saurin Shirye-shiryen), yana nuna tsarin an ƙera shi musamman don aikace-aikacen masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar ayyuka masu sauri, daidaitattun ayyuka. PP C322 BE na iya ɗaukar hadaddun, matakai masu ƙarfi, kamar daidaitaccen iko na jujjuyawar motsi, saurin gudu, da jujjuyawar al'amura kamar ƙarfe, ma'adinai, haɓakar ruwa, da manyan aikace-aikacen fan/pump.
2. Core Architecture & Operating Principle
Babban ƙa'idar aiki na PP C322 BE ta dogara ne akan Harshen Shirye-shiryen Toshe Aiki. Wannan sigar tsara shirye-shirye ce mai zana wanda ke tattare hadadden algorithms sarrafawa, ayyuka masu ma'ana, da lissafin lissafin lissafi zuwa daidaitattun sassan ayyuka masu sake amfani da su da ake kira 'Aikin Tubalan.'
2.1 Tubalan Ayyuka: Tubalan Ginin Gudanarwa
Kowane toshe aikin ƙwanƙwalwar software ce mai zaman kanta tana yin cikakken aiki, mai siffanta ta:
Alamar Zane: An wakilta a matsayin rectangle a cikin mahallin shirye-shirye, tare da abubuwan shiga a hagu da abubuwan da aka fitar a hannun dama, suna sauƙaƙe fahimta da kuma gina dabaru.
Daidaitaccen Interface: Kowane shigarwa da fitarwa yana da takamaiman nau'in bayanai (misali, Kashi, Boolean, Integer, BCD), yana tabbatar da daidaiton bayanai a cikin haɗin kai.
Daidaituwa: Yawancin tubalan suna da ma'auni, suna ba masu amfani damar daidaita ɗabi'a (misali, saita madaidaicin riba mai sarrafa PI, lokacin haɗin kai) ba tare da canza ainihin dabaru ba.
Fadadawa: Tubalan da yawa (misali, Adder ADD, DA kofa) suna da abubuwan da za a iya faɗaɗawa (har zuwa 32), ana iya samun su ta hanyar ƙara fil a hoto, inganta tsarin shirin da ingantaccen aiwatarwa ba tare da karkatar da tubalan da yawa ba.
2.2 Madaidaici a cikin Tsarin Nau'in Bayanai
PP C322 BE tana goyan bayan nau'ikan nau'ikan bayanai masu arziƙi don saduwa da buƙatun aikin sarrafawa iri-iri, yana nuna madaidaicin ƙirar sa:
Boolean (B): Yana wakiltar Gaskiya/Ƙarya (1B/0B), ana amfani da shi don sarrafa dabaru.
Bitset (BS): Kalma mai 16-bit inda kowace bit za a iya sarrafa kanta, galibi ana amfani da ita don tattara siginar Boolean da yawa ko wakiltar kalmomin matsayin na'ura.
Kashi (%): Tsarin farko don sarrafa analog. Yana da ƙayyadaddun matsayi na 16-bit daga -199.9939% zuwa + 199.9939%. Wannan wakilcin yana da kyau don tsarin sarrafawa, daidai da ƙimar kowane raka'a ko cikakken kashi. 32-bit madaidaicin kashi biyu kuma ana tallafawa don mafi girman kewayo da daidaito.
Integer (I) & Dogon Integer (LI): 16-bit da 32-bit da aka sanya hannu don ƙidayawa da sarrafa ƙimar ƙima.
Factor (K), Millisecond (MS), Na biyu (S): Tsare-tsare na sadaukar da kai don tsayayyen lokaci, abubuwan ƙima, da jinkirin lokaci, sauƙaƙe juzu'i.
BCD: Ana amfani da shi don musayar bayanai tare da na'urori na waje kamar nunin dijital ko na'urar musanya ta babban yatsan hannu.
Kalma (H): Kundin bayanai na gabaɗaya 16-bit.
Matrix Nau'in Daidaituwar Nau'in Bayanai yana tabbatar da nau'ikan da suka dace kawai za'a iya haɗa su, hana kurakuran nau'in bayanai a matakin harshe; in ba haka ba, ana buƙatar jujjuya bayyane ta amfani da tubalan ayyukan TRAN ko TRANW.
2.3 Injiniyan Kisa & Ayyukan Aiki na Ainihin
Shirin mai sarrafawa ya ƙunshi jerin tubalan ayyuka da aka aiwatar bisa tsari. PP C322 BE tana goyan bayan ayyuka da yawa, gami da ayyukan katsewa da aikin bango.
Ayyukan Katsewa: Ana amfani da shi don aiwatar da madaukai masu mahimmancin lokaci, masu ƙididdigewa na kayan aiki (misali, Mai ƙidayar lokaci 0 a 2000 microsecond da aka ambata a cikin doc). Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga manyan martani kamar na yanzu da madaukai masu sauri.
Aiki na bango: Yana sarrafa ayyukan da ba na lokaci ba kamar sadarwa, sarrafa siga, da jinkirin dabaru.
3. Mahimman Rukunin Ayyukan Aiki & Binciken Ƙa'idar Zurfafa
An bayyana mahimman nau'ikan nau'ikan a ƙasa:
A. Asalin Analog & Ayyukan Lissafi
Waɗannan su ne tushen tushen sarrafa algorithms.
Ayyukan Lissafi: ADD (Ƙari/Ragi), MULT (Multiplication), DIV (Division), SQRT (Square Root) yin lissafi na asali. Suna amfani da ƙayyadaddun lissafin ƙididdiga a ciki kuma suna sarrafa ambaliya da kyau (fitarwa iyakance zuwa ƙimar max/min).
Ƙirƙirar Aiki: FCTL (Geneta na Aiki na Layi) yana ƙayyadad da ƙugiya na sabani ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin layi tsakanin madaidaitan ma'anar karya (X, Y). FCTP (Polynomial Function Generator) yana ɗaukar ƙarin hadaddun alaƙar da ba ta kai tsaye ba, tana ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu yawa ta amfani da hanyar Horner don dacewa.
Ayyukan Trigonometric: SIN, COS, ASIN, ACOS kai tsaye aiwatar da kusurwoyi (a cikin radians, wanda aka tsara zuwa tsari na kashi). Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don daidaita canje-canje da lissafin lokaci. Doc ɗin yana ƙayyadad da jeri na shigarwa/fitar su da yanayin ambaliya, misali, shigarwar ACOS dole ne> -41.6092% don guje wa sakamakon da ya wuce kewayon kashi.
B. Basic Logic & Sequential Services
Aiwatar da dabaru na dijital da sarrafa jeri.
Ƙofofin Hankali: AND, KO, EXOR suna goyan bayan tsarin Boolean da Bitset don haɗakar hankali.
Juyawa-Flops: RSFF (RS Flip-Flop, sake saiti-mafi rinjaye), TOGFF (T Flip-Flop) don ajiyar jihohi.
Masu ƙidayar lokaci & Ma'auni:
MS, MS& (Monostable Multivibrators): Ƙirƙirar ƙayyadaddun bugun jini mai faɗi. MS ba shi da retriggerable, MS&katse fitarwa idan shigarwar ta yi ƙasa. Daidaiton lokacin su yana da alaƙa da lokacin zagayowar mai sarrafawa, kamar yadda aka rubuta.
OND, OFD, OOD (Kun- Jinkirta, Kashe- Jinkiri, Kunnawa/Kashe- Jinkiri): Ana amfani dashi don tace sigina da daidaitawar lokaci.
CNT, PBCNT (Counters): Aiwatar da ƙidayar taron da kwatance.
C. Haɗe-haɗe sosai & Algorithms Mai Sarrafa
Wannan ya ƙunshi ainihin ikon PP C322 BE.
PI Controllers (PI-R0, PI-R1):
Ƙa'ida: Algorithm na sarrafawa na gargajiya. Sashe na Proportal (P) yana ba da amsa mai sauri, sashin haɗin gwiwa (I) yana kawar da kuskuren yanayi. Waɗannan su ne lokaci mai mahimmanci, aiwatarwa na dijital. Tsarin haɗin kai shine: o (k) = o (k-1) + [i (k) + i (k-1)]/2 * (T0/TN) , ta amfani da hanyar trapezoidal (Tustin), mafi daidai fiye da haɗin kai mai sauƙi.
Fasaloli: Dukansu PI-R0 da PI-R1 suna goyan bayan saiti/ kwatancen amsawa, shigar da siginar kuskure, iyakance fitarwa, saitin yanayin farko mai haɗawa, da anti-windup. PI-R0 kuma yana ba da iyakokin haɗin kai mai zaman kansa (UPL-I, LOL-I), yana ba da mafi sassaucin dabarun hana iska.
Haɗa Canje-canje (RSTDQ, DQRST, DQPOL):
Ƙa'ida: Core zuwa sarrafa abin tuƙi. RSTDQ yana canza adadin AC mai kashi uku daga madaidaicin firam (R, S, T) zuwa adadin DC a cikin firam mai jujjuyawar lokaci biyu (d, q). Wannan canji (wanda ya ƙunshi Clarke da Park yana canzawa) yana jujjuya sigogin AC masu bambanta lokaci (misali, na yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki) zuwa sigogin DC (yanayin juzu'i, ɓangaren juzu'i) manufa don sarrafawa.
Aikace-aikace: DQRST yana aiwatar da jujjuyawar juzu'i, yana jujjuya d, q adadin DC zuwa adadin AC mai kashi uku don samar da sifofin raƙuman ruwa na PWM. DQPOL yana jujjuyawa daga daidaitawar Cartesian (d, q) zuwa daidaitawar polar (girman | A|, PHI na kusurwa), galibi ana amfani dashi don ƙididdige girman juzu'i, da sauransu.
Waɗannan tubalan suna sauƙaƙa da aiwatar da algorithms-Oriented Control (FOC) a cikin tutocin AC.
Masu haɗaka (INT, INT-I):
INT yana da ƙayyadaddun lokacin haɗin kai dangane da ƙayyadadden tushen lokacin hardware (1ms ko 1s), wanda ya dace da haɗin kai mai alaƙa da lokacin jiki.
INT-I yana da haɗin haɗin kai mai alaƙa da katse lokacin sake zagayowar ɗawainiya (T0). Fitowarsa shine o (k) = o (k-1) + (T0/TI) * [i (k) + i (k-1)]/2 . Wannan yana aiki tare da halayen haɗin kai tare da mitar aiwatar da shirin, yana sa ya zama gama gari kuma daidai a cikin tsarin sarrafa dijital.
Filters Dijital (AVG, AVG-M, G2(Z)):
AVG matsakaita tace mai motsi, yana danne takamaiman hayaniyar mitar ta hanyar matsakaicin samfuran N na ƙarshe.
G2(Z) babban manufar aiwatar da bambance-bambancen oda na biyu ne, ana iya daidaita shi azaman masu tacewa daban-daban (misali, ƙaramin wucewa, babban wucewa, band-pass) ko ma oscillator. Ayyukan canja wuri shine G(z) = (A0 + A1*z⁻¹ + A2*z⁻²) / (1 + B1*z⁻¹ + B2*z⁻²) . Ta hanyar saita ƙididdiga na A0-A2 da B1-B2, kusan kowane tsarin saɓani na lokaci-lokaci na madaidaiciya za a iya aiwatarwa.
D. Gudanar da Bayanai & Sadarwa
Canjin Bayanai: % -BCD, BCD-%, BIBS, BSBI, MERGE, SPLIT suna ɗaukar juzu'i tsakanin tsarin bayanai daban-daban da faɗin-bit, aiki azaman gada tsakanin mai sarrafawa da duniyar waje (misali, nuni, masu ɓoye).
Sadarwar Bus: Ana amfani da RDLA, WRLA don karantawa/rubutun bayanai a cikin dogon adireshin bas ɗin B448 (bas ɗin masana'antu na ABB). Ana amfani da SLAVE-I yayin ƙaddamar da tsarin don saita adireshi, girman akwatin saƙo, da sigogi na sauran na'urorin bawa akan bas, suna kafa tushe don daidaita tsarin na'urori masu yawa.
E. Diagnostics & Babban Ayyuka
Rikodi na wucin gadi (TREC): Kayan aikin bincike mai ƙarfi. Yana iya samar da sigina da yawa a ci gaba da girma a mitoci masu yawa kuma, a kan yanayin faɗakarwa (misali, siginar kuskure), rikodin bayanai daga gaba da bayan wurin faɗakarwa. Ana iya fitar da wannan bayanan lokaci-lokaci don haɗi zuwa oscilloscope ko mai shigar da bayanai, wanda ke da mahimmanci don nazarin tsarin amsawa mai ƙarfi da warware kurakuran wucin gadi.
Duban Sigina & Gyara Matsala (INSP): Wannan toshe aikin yana ba da izini ma'aikata (ta hanyar kariyar kalmar sirri ta KEY) don karanta kan layi da canza ƙimar kowane sigina na ciki a cikin mai sarrafawa, gami da sigogi. An yi amfani da shi tare da Sabis ɗin Sabis (misali, SD A338), yana samar da HMI mai ƙarfi da kayan aikin gyara kuskure.
Kulawa na Lokaci (TSUP-US, TSUP-MS) & Rikodin Abubuwan da suka faru (VED): Samar da sa ido kan tsarin aiki da kuma sanar da kuskuren farko tare da DIN 19235, yana nuna a sarari jerin abubuwan da suka faru.
4. Ci gaba & Kanfigareshan
Shirya PP C322 BE yana buƙatar amfani da PTS-Tools na ABB (Programming and Test System Tools). Injiniyoyi suna amfani da mahaɗar hoto akan PC don ja-da-zuba tubalan ayyukan da ake buƙata cikin shirin, haɗa abubuwan shigarsu da abubuwan da suke fitarwa, da saita sigogi. Sa'an nan Toolchain yana tattara shirin mai hoto zuwa lambar da mai sarrafa zai iya aiwatarwa, wanda aka zazzage zuwa na'urar da aka yi niyya (PP C322 BE) ta hanyar loda.
PP C322 BE dole ne ya dace da sigar ɗakin karatu na toshe aikin (misali, C_R1_V20). Sabbin tubalan ayyuka (misali, ACOS, ASIN, BRREL) ana samunsu a cikin manyan nau'ikan laburare kawai, suna tabbatar da dacewa sama da ci gaba da haɓaka aiki.
