216EA61B shine mahimmin Sashin shigarwar Analog a cikin tsarin kariyar janareta na lamba ABB REG 216, wanda ke aiki a matsayin gada tsakanin tsarin da na farko na yanzu da na wutar lantarki. Yana aiki azaman 'gaɓar jijiya' na tsarin kariya, alhakin daidaitawa, keɓancewa, ƙididdige siginar analog mai ci gaba (high current, high voltage) daga tsarin wutar lantarki na farko, da kuma canza su zuwa bayanan mai hankali waɗanda za a iya fahimta da sarrafa su ta hanyar sarrafa dijital. Daidaiton jujjuyawar sa, kwanciyar hankali, da aiki na ainihin lokaci kai tsaye suna ƙayyade daidaiton ma'auni da hukunce-hukuncen tsarin kariya duka, suna kafa ginshiƙi don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na ayyukan kariya.
Wannan rukunin yana amfani da fasahar juyawa na analog-zuwa-dijital mai girma da daidaitattun da'irorin sarrafa sigina, yana tabbatar da samfuran bayanai masu inganci koda a cikin hadadden yanayin lantarki na tsarin wutar lantarki. A matsayin mabuɗin tushen bayanai akan bas ɗin layi ɗaya na B448C, 216EA61B yana ba da tushen tushen bayanai kawai don ƙididdigar kariya ta gaba, rikodin rikicewa, nunin auna, da sauran ayyuka. Ayyukansa yana tasiri kai tsaye ga amincin kusan dukkanin manyan ayyukan kariya, kamar kariya ta bambanta, kariya ta wuce gona da iri, da kariyar wuta.
2. Babban Ayyuka
Babban ayyuka na 216EA61B sun ta'allaka ne akan saye da ƙididdige siginar analog, musamman waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin abubuwan masu zuwa:
1. Multi-Channel Analog Signal Acquisition
Ƙarfin Tashoshi: Kowace rukunin 216EA61B yana samar da tashoshi na shigarwa na analog masu zaman kansu guda 24. Waɗannan tashoshi 24 ana keɓance su ta hanyar daidaitattun haši biyu:
Dacewar Siginar: An ƙirƙira don karɓar siginar ƙaramar matakin analog na biyu daga Rukunin Canjin Input na 216GW61. Waɗannan sigina sun riga sun keɓe kuma sun canza su ta hanyar 216GW61, tare da amplitudes masu dacewa da buƙatun shigarwar 216EA61B (misali, a cikin kewayon ± 40V), wanda ke rufe duk ma'auni masu mahimmanci don tsarin wutar lantarki kamar igiyoyin lokaci uku, ƙarfin uku-uku, sifili-jerin halin yanzu, sifili-jerin ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki mai daidaitawa, da dai sauransu.
2. Babban Madaidaicin Analog-zuwa-Digital Juyawa
Core Conversion: Unitungiyar tana haɗa babban aikin 24-tashar Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), wanda ke da alhakin juyar da siginar analog mai ci gaba zuwa ƙimar dijital mai hankali.
Juyin Juya: Yana goyan bayan kewayon ƙarfin shigarwa mai faɗi na -40V zuwa +40V, wanda ya isa ya rufe girman sigina yayin ayyuka daban-daban na al'ada da yanayin kuskure.
Daidaiton Canzawa da Ƙaddamarwa: Yana amfani da babban ƙuduri ADC, yana tabbatar da cewa ko da ɓangarorin kuskure ko sauye-sauyen ƙarfin lantarki za a iya gano daidai, samar da tallafin bayanai don ayyukan kariya mai girma (misali, kariya ta bambanta). Daidaiton jujjuya kai tsaye yana shafar gaskiyar ma'auni da madaidaicin aikin saitunan kariya.
3. Gabatarwar Bayanai da Samfuran Daidaitawa
Unit Preprocessing: Ƙungiyar tana ƙunshe da keɓantaccen mai aiwatarwa wanda ke yin aiki na farko a kan ɗanyen samfurin bayanan da aka ƙirƙira, kamar inganci, tacewa (nanne ƙarar ƙarami), da tsara bayanai.
Samfuran Haɗe-haɗe: Yana tabbatar da cewa samfurin duk tashoshi yana faruwa a lokaci guda. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ayyukan kariya waɗanda ke dogaro da alaƙar lokaci (misali, banbanci, jagorar wutar lantarki, ma'aunin ƙarfi), guje wa kurakuran lokaci da kurakuran ƙididdiga waɗanda samfuran da ba a daidaita su ba.
4. Sadarwar Bus Parallel
Motar Bus: A matsayin naúrar aiki akan bas ɗin layi ɗaya na B448C, 216EA61B yana da alhakin aika lokaci-lokaci da sauri da aika bayanan ma'aunin dijital da aka riga aka aiwatar akan bas ɗin.
Samar da Bayanai: Ita ce kawai tushen tushen bayanan ma'auni na 216VC62a Processing Unit. Algorithms na kariya a cikin sashin sarrafawa sun dogara gaba ɗaya akan rafin bayanan ainihin lokacin da 216EA61B ke bayarwa don ƙididdigewa da yanke shawara.
5. Gwajin Kai da Kula da Matsayi
Kulawar Cikin Gida: Ƙungiyar tana da cikakkiyar damar sa ido kan kai, tare da ci gaba da bincika matsayinta na ciki, gami da:
Samar da Wutar Ciki: Ko ƙarfin aiki na +5V al'ada ce.
Reference Voltage: Ko ƙarfin magana da ake buƙata don juyawa A/D yana cikin haƙurin da aka yarda.
Agogon ciki: Ko agogon samfurin yana aiki daidai.
Matsayin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa: Ko RAM da ROM suna aiki yadda ya kamata.
Rahoton Laifi: Bayan gano kuskuren ciki, nan da nan ya ba da rahoto ga tsarin ta hanyar bas kuma yana haskaka alamar ƙararrawa ta gaba, tabbatar da tsarin zai iya fahimtar lamarin da sauri kuma ya ɗauki matakan tsaro kamar toshewa.
3. Ƙa'idar Aiki
Ka'idar aiki na 216EA61B daidai ce, ci gaba da sarkar juzu'i daga siginar jiki zuwa bayanan dijital. Cikakken tsarin aikin sa shine kamar haka:
1. liyafar sigina da kwandishan gaba-gaba
Tushen shigarwa: Masu Canja-canje na Farko (CTs) da Masu Canjin Wutar Lantarki (VTs) suna ƙasƙantar da manyan igiyoyin tsarin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa daidaitattun ƙididdiga na biyu masu aminci (misali, 1A/5A, 100V/110V).
Warewa na Farko da Canji: Waɗannan sigina na biyu an fara haɗa su zuwa 216GW61 Input Transformer Unit. 216GW61 yana ba da keɓancewar lantarki da garkuwar lantarki tsakanin ɓangaren farko da na'urorin lantarki masu kariya, muhimmin mataki na farko don amincin kayan aiki da ƙirjin amo na gama gari. Hakanan yana iya yin ƙarin sikelin girma don daidaita matakan sigina zuwa waɗanda suka fi dacewa da 216EA61B.
Canja wurin Kebul: Ƙananan siginar analog ɗin da 216GW61 ke sarrafawa ana watsa su ta hanyar daidaitattun igiyoyi masu kariya zuwa masu haɗin baya na sashin 216EA61B.
2. Analog-zuwa-Digital Tsarin Juya Tsarin
Hanyar Sigina: Bayan shigar da 216EA61B, ana tura siginar analog 24 zuwa tsarar juzu'i na analog na ciki.
Samfura-da-riƙe: Yayin kowane zagayowar samfur, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar daidaitaccen lokacin agogon cikin naúrar, maɓallan analog ɗin suna haɗa kowane siginar tashoshi zuwa da'irar Samfura-da-Hold (S/H). Wannan kewayawa 'yana daskare' canjin siginar analog nan take, yana tabbatar da cewa ana canza wutar lantarki ya kasance mai dorewa a lokacin jujjuyawar A/D, yana hana kurakuran juyawa saboda bambancin sigina. Wannan shine maɓalli na fasaha don samun damar yin aiki tare da tashoshi da yawa.
Canjin A/D: Ana ciyar da fitowar wutar lantarki akai-akai daga kewayen S/H zuwa madaidaicin madaidaici, mai saurin Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). ADC tana jujjuya wannan ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki ta analog zuwa lambar dijital ta binary daidai. Wannan tsarin jujjuyawar ya ƙunshi ƙididdigewa da ɓoyewa, wanda ƙudurinsa da layinsa ke ƙayyade ko sakamakon dijital ya nuna daidai daidai da ainihin ƙimar analog.
Buffering Data: Ana adana ƙimar dijital da aka canza na ɗan lokaci a cikin ma'ajin bayanai a cikin naúrar.
3. sarrafa bayanai da kuma isar da bas
Gabatarwa: Ginin naúrar ta 80C186 co-processor yana kunna. Yana aiwatar da aikin da ya dace akan danyen bayanan fitarwa na ADC, kamar:
Tabbatar da Bayanai: Tabbatar da amincin bayanai.
Tace Na Dijital: Aiwatar da matatun software don ƙara sassauƙar bayanai da kuma danne tsangwama a takamaiman maƙallan mitar.
Tsara Bayanai: Tsara bayanai cikin takamaiman tsari wanda ya dace da ka'idar sadarwar bas B448C da ƙara tambarin lokaci idan an buƙata.
Huldar Bas da Watsawa: Ana aika bayanan da aka riga aka tsara zuwa da'irar mu'amalar bas. Wannan keɓancewar ya ƙunshi 64kByte Dual-Port Memory (DPM) don musayar bayanai mai sauri tare da bas ɗin B448C. 216EA61B yana aiki azaman na'urar bawa akan bas ɗin amma yana fara buƙatar bas lokacin da yake buƙatar loda bayanai. Bayan samun ikon bas, yana rubuta sabon toshe ma'aunin ƙimar ga duk tashoshi a cikin DPM, yana sanya shi don mai sarrafa bas (misali, 216VC62a) don karantawa. Wannan tsari yana zagayawa cikin sauri sosai, yana tabbatar da cewa na'urar sarrafa kariya koyaushe tana samun dama ga sabbin yanayin tsarin.
4. Tsarin Gudanarwa da Gudun Bayanai
Tsarin Maɗaukakin Rufe: Ƙungiyar sarrafawa ta 216VC62a tana karanta ƙimar ma'aunin dijital da 216EA61B ke bayarwa daga bas kuma yana gudanar da algorithms na kariya. Idan algorithm ya yanke shawarar aiwatar da aiki, yana aika umarni ta hanyar bas don fitarwa raka'a kamar 216AB61 ko 216DB61.
Garantin Ayyukan Aiki na Gaskiya: Dukkanin sarkar bayanai, daga samfur ta 216EA61B zuwa aiki ta 216VC62a sannan zuwa aiwatar da aiwatarwa, dole ne a kammala cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (yawanci milliseconds) don saduwa da buƙatun saurin don kawar da kuskuren tsarin wutar lantarki. Adadin samfurin da ingancin watsa bas na 216EA61 shine mabuɗin don tabbatar da wannan aikin na ainihin-lokaci.
5. Kasa-Safe Mechanisms
Madogarar Kulawa: Na'urorin sa ido na ciki suna ci gaba da bincika mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kamar ADC, tushen tunani, da wadatar wuta. Idan an gano wani abu mara kyau, kamar wutar lantarki ta hanyar juriya ko gazawar agogon ciki, da'irar sa ido nan take tana saita rijistar matsayi na naúrar.
Ƙararrawa na Tsari: Ƙungiyar tana ba da rahoton 'Ƙararrawar Na'ura ta Gabaɗaya' zuwa tsarin ta hanyar motar bas kuma tana haskaka jajayen 'ALARM' da ke gefen gaban. Bayan karɓar wannan ƙararrawa, shirin bincikar tsarin na iya rage matsayin tsarin bisa ga tsananin kuskure da toshe ayyukan kariya da suka dogara da bayanai daga wannan rukunin, yana hana ɓarna saboda kuskuren bayanai. A lokaci guda, yana dakatar da aika bayanai mara inganci ko mara inganci zuwa bas ɗin, yana hana mai sarrafawa yin hukunci bisa kuskuren bayanai.
4. Hardware Architecture
Tsarin kayan aikin 216EA61B an gina shi a kusa da sarrafa siginar madaidaici da watsa bayanai:
Tsarin Jiki: Naúrar toshewa, 2 daidaitattun sassa (2T) fadi, wanda za'a iya sakawa daga gaba zuwa cikin rakiyar kayan aiki.
Mahimman Abubuwan Hulɗa:
128 kByte EPROM: Stores naúrar firmware da tsarin aiki.
64 kByte RAM: Yana aiki azaman babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokacin gudu.
8 kByte EEPROM: Ana amfani dashi don adana sigogi masu daidaitawa da bayanan daidaitawa.
Ƙarshen Gaban Analog: Ya haɗa da maɓalli na analog da yawa da da'irori-da-riƙe, alhakin sarrafa sigina da daidaitawa.
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): Babban tashar tashoshi 24 ADC yana yin canjin analog-zuwa-dijital.
Preprocessing Processor: 80C186 microprocessor, alhakin sarrafa bayanai da sarrafa naúrar.
Motar Bus: 64 kByte DPM/RAM, yana ba da damar mara kyau, musayar bayanai mai sauri tare da bas ɗin B448C.
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya:
Samar da Wutar Lantarki: Mai canza DC/DC na ciki yana samun ƙarfin aiki na naúrar, yana samar da wadatar dijital + 5V da ake buƙata (da yuwuwar ± 15V don da'irori na analog) daga wadatar taimakon 24V DC da aka samu ta hanyar bas ɗin B448C.
5. Alamar Gabatarwa da Aiki
Alamomi:
Jan ALARM LED: Yana nuna kuskure/ ƙararrawa na naúrar ciki. Yana haskaka lokacin da aka gano kuskuren hardware (misali, wuta, agogo, ƙwaƙwalwa, laifin sashin analog). Wataƙila naúrar ta daina fitar da ingantattun bayanai.
Yellow MST LED: Jagora mai nuna alama. Fitilar fitilun ko fitilu lokacin da naúrar ta sami dama ga bas ɗin B448C a matsayin ƙwararren don watsa bayanai.
Green RUN LED: Mai nuna alama. Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin nuni don tantance idan naúrar tana aiki akai-akai. A lokacin aiki na yau da kullun, dole ne a ci gaba da kunna wannan hasken, yana nuna shirin juyawa A/D yana gudana kuma ana sarrafa bayanai da kuma shirya don watsawa. Idan wannan hasken ya kashe, yana nufin ba a watsa ma'aunin ƙididdiga na dijital zuwa bas ɗin, kuma ayyukan kariya za su rasa tushen bayanan su.
Aiki Sockets:
KYAUTA: Shigar da guntun fil yana toshe mai musanya A/D, kuma naúrar ta daina watsa kowane bayanai (ma'auni masu ƙima) zuwa bas. Ba a share bayanan da aka rigaya da ma'aunin ma'aunin awo amma ba a sabunta su ba. Ana amfani da wannan yanayin don gyara tsarin ko gano kuskure, yana hana bayanai mara inganci daga kutsawa cikin tsarin.
Sake saitin: A taƙaice saka fil ɗin gajere yana sake kunna shirin naúrar. An sake kunna duk raka'a, kuma ana share ma'aunin ma'aunin da aka adana. Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan aikin tare da taka tsantsan.
6. Kanfigareshan da Saituna
Saitunan Hardware: Naúrar 216EA61B kanta tana buƙatar babu masu tsalle-tsalle ko saitunan canza DIP. An ƙayyade halayen tashar ta ta hanyar firmware na ciki da ƙira.
Kanfigareshan Software: Ana yin duk saitin ta hanyar mahaɗar mai amfani da aka haɗa zuwa 216VC62a:
Aikin Tashar: A cikin tsarin software na 216VC62a, sanya tashoshin ma'auni daban-daban na 216EA61B (CH01-CH24) zuwa takamaiman ayyukan kariya. Misali, zayyana CH01-CH03 a matsayin Generator Stator A, B, C lokaci igiyoyin ruwa don bambance-bambancen kariya 87G da overcurrent kariya 51.
Saitunan Sigina: Ƙayyade ƙididdiga masu ƙima na kowane tashoshi, misali, ko ƙimar halin yanzu don tashar ta yanzu shine 1A ko 5A, ko ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don tashar ƙarfin lantarki shine 100V ko 110V. Wannan saitin yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake tabbatar da daidaiton lissafin kowace raka'a da saita kwatance a cikin algorithms na kariya.
Abubuwan Sikeli: Idan ya cancanta, saita abubuwan ƙima na mutum ɗaya don rama ƙimar CT/VT ko asarar layi.
7. Binciken Kai da Kulawa
216EA61B yana fasalta ingantattun bincike-binciken kai, tare da rahoton matsayinsa ta rijistar matsayin na'urar:
Abubuwan Kulawa: Haɗa wadatar + 5V na ciki, Matsayin mai canza A/D, ƙarfin tunani, RAM/ROM, sadarwar bas, samar da sashin analog, da sauransu.
Martanin Kuskure: A kan kuskure, jajayen ALARM LED yana haskakawa, an saita rijistar matsayi (misali, SSG), kuma ana aika ƙararrawar tsarin ta layin motar SML. Laifi masu tsanani na iya haifar da tsarin 'Farawa mai dumi'.
Alamar Kulawa: Yayin dubawa na yau da kullun, kula da koren RUN LED yana haskakawa koyaushe. Idan jan ALARM LED yana kunne ko RUN LED ɗin a kashe, yana nuna kuskuren naúrar. Yi amfani da mahaɗin mai amfani don bincika takamaiman bayanan bincike. Koyaushe kashe wutar taimakon tarakin kafin a toshe ko cire naúrar.
8. Yanayin aikace-aikace
216EA61B shine ainihin sashin sayan bayanai don aikace-aikacen masu zuwa:
Kariyar Generator: Yana karɓar duk siginar halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki daga tashoshi na janareta da tsaka tsaki.
Kariyar Transformer: Yana samun igiyoyi da ƙarfin lantarki daga kowane bangare don bambanta da kariya ta madadin.
Kariyar Motoci: Yana samun wadatattun igiyoyin kewayawa da ƙarfin lantarki.
Kariyar Feeder: Yana karɓar layin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki na busbar.
Duk wani kariyar wutar lantarki da aikace-aikacen sa ido da ke buƙatar sayan adadin wutar lantarki mai yawa, tashoshi da yawa.
