UNS 2880a-P, wanda aka sani da Hukumar Kulawa (COB), ita ce rukunin sarrafawa na tsakiya wanda ba a gardama ba na tsarin tashin hankali na ABB UNITROL® 5000. A matsayin 'kwakwalwa' na gaba dayan tsarin, COB ne ke da alhakin aiwatar da duk mahimman sarrafawa, tsari, kariya, da ayyukan sa ido. Yana ɗaukar babban software na tsarin, wanda ya dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen ta hanyar daidaitawa, sarrafa komai daga ainihin sarrafa zumuɗi zuwa hadaddun ayyukan tallafi na grid.
A cikin tsarin tashoshi biyu na UNITROL 5000, allunan COB guda biyu (Channel 1 da Channel 2) galibi ana saita su don sakewa, ta haka suna haɓaka samuwar tsarin da amincin. COB yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aiki na kwanciyar hankali na janareta da saurin kariya yayin yanayin kuskure.
2. Key Features & Ayyuka
1. Tsarin Gudanarwa da Gudanarwa na tsakiya
COB yana haɗa manyan na'urori masu ƙima da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikace (ASICs) don gudanar da software na sarrafa tsarin haɓakawa. Wannan ya haɗa da:
Sarrafa jeri: Yana sarrafa jerin aiki kamar farawa tsarin tashin hankali, tsayawa, haɗin grid, da sauya tashoshi.
Dokokin Rufe-Madauki: Ya ƙunshi duk madaukai masu sarrafawa, kamar Atomatik Voltage Regulator (AVR), Power System Stabilizer (PSS), da mai sarrafa na yanzu na hannu, yana tabbatar da daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na wutar lantarki ta tashar janareta, ƙarfin amsawa, da sauran masu canji masu sarrafawa.
Kariya da Kulawa: Yana haɗa cikakkun ayyuka na kariya (misali, overvoltage, overcurrent, under-excitation, asarar tashin hankali) da ci gaba da ayyukan kulawa da yanayin don tabbatar da amincin janareta da tsarin haɓaka kanta.
2. Rukunin Kula da Ƙofar
COB yana ƙunshe da sashin kula da Ƙofa mai mahimmanci, wanda ainihin aikinsa shine samar da bugun jini don fitar da thyristors a cikin masu canza wuta. Wannan rukunin yana ƙididdigewa kuma yana haifar da bugun bugun jini mai canzawa lokaci-lokaci dangane da fitowar masu sarrafawa da siginar ƙarfin aiki tare, ta haka ne ke sarrafa ƙarfin fitarwa na mai canzawa tare da ba da damar sarrafa daidaitaccen yanayin filin janareta.
3. Sadarwa da Cibiyar Musanya Bayanai
COB ita ce kullin tsakiya don sadarwar tsarin ciki da waje, wanda ke nuna hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa:
ARCnet Fieldbus Controller: Yana aiki azaman babban kumburi akan hanyar sadarwa ta ARCnet (tare da kafaffen adiresoshin kumburi: Channel 1 = 1, Channel 2 = 2), da alhakin musayar bayanai mai sauri tare da sauran na'urori masu hankali a cikin tsarin (misali, CIN, FBC, AIO).
Sadarwar Ƙungiyar Sabis: Haɗa zuwa Ƙungiyar Sabis ta UNS 0874 ta hanyar keɓancewar keɓancewa don ƙaddamarwa na gida da sa ido.
Sadarwa na gani tare da Kayan aikin CMT: Yana ba da hanyar sadarwa ta gani don haɗa kayan aikin ƙaddamarwa da kiyayewa, sauƙaƙe saitin siga, gano kuskure, da shigar da bayanai ta injiniyoyi.
Sadarwa na gani tare da Fieldbus Couplers: Yana goyan bayan musaya tare da nau'ikan tsarin mu'amala na babban matakin sarrafawa (misali, Modbus, Profibus, Advant), yana ba da damar haɗin kai tare da tsarin DCS ko PLC.
4. Adana Bayanai da Gudanarwa
Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Aiki: Yayin aiki na al'ada, duk sigogi da bayanan wucin gadi ana adana su a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar da ba ta da ƙarfi (RAM).
Ma'ajiyar Dindindin: An sanye shi da Flash-PROM don ma'ajiya ta dindindin na ingantattun saitunan sigina da tsarin tsarin, yana hana asarar bayanai yayin katsewar wutar lantarki.
Fault Logger: Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma tana aiki azaman mai rikodin kuskure. Ana adana bayanan kuskure har zuwa kwanaki 2 bayan cikakkiyar gazawar wutar lantarki, tana ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci don binciken bayan taron.
5. Matsayi da Nuni na Bincike
COB yana fasalta haɗe-haɗen nuni mai kashi bakwai don:
Nunin Matsayin Kwamitin gani: Yana ba da alamar gani na matsayin aikin hukumar.
Nuni Lambar Kuskuren Ƙarshe: A cikin abin da ya faru, yana nuna takamaiman lambar kuskure (tsarin Axxx), yana sauƙaƙe saurin ganowa da kiyayewa a wurin.
3. Ƙa'idar Aiki & Haɗin Tsarin
1. Matsayi a cikin Tsarin Gine-gine
A cikin shimfidar kayan masarufi na tsarin UNITROL 5000, COB ya mamaye matsayi na tsakiya. Ana haɗa shi kai tsaye ta igiyoyin ribbon zuwa na'urori masu mahimmanci kamar MUB, FIO, PSI, CIN, da EGC, suna samar da hanyar sadarwa mai sauri, abin dogaro na gida. A lokaci guda, yana sadarwa tare da faffadan kewayon na'urorin I/O ta hanyar kebul na coaxial ARCnet. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da cewa an ba da umarnin sarrafawa kuma an samo bayanan filin tare da ƙananan latency da babban ƙaddara.
2. Software da Gudanar da Matsala
Dukkanin dabarun sarrafa tsarin zumudi da algorithms na aiki an saka su azaman software a cikin COB. Masu amfani ba sa buƙatar canza lambar da ke ƙasa amma saita da haɓaka tsarin ta hanyar daidaitawa. Waɗannan sigogi suna rufe komai daga ainihin ma'aunin wutar lantarki zuwa hadaddun sigogi masu sarrafa PID da saitunan kariya. Yin amfani da kayan aikin injiniya da aka keɓe kamar CMT ko SPT, masu amfani za su iya samun sauƙin shiga da gyara waɗannan sigogi don daidaita daidaitattun tsarin UNITROL 5000 zuwa takamaiman janareta da aikace-aikacen grid.
3. Gudanar da Sigina da Gudanar da Gudanarwa
Siginar siginar: COB yana samun ƙarancin adadin lantarki (misali, ƙarfin lantarki na janareta, na yanzu) daga MUB da sigina masu dacewa daga kewayen tashin hankali (misali, ƙarfin filin, na yanzu) daga PSI.
Sarrafa Bayanai: Ma'aikatan microprocessors na ciki da DSPs suna yin ƙididdige ƙididdiga mai sauri akan siginar da aka samu don ƙididdige adadin da aka samu kamar ƙarfin aiki, ƙarfin amsawa, mita, da ƙimar RMS, waɗanda sannan ana kwatanta su da madaidaitan bayanai.
Ƙididdigar Mai Gudanarwa: Algorithms sarrafawa (misali, masu kula da PID) suna ƙididdige fitarwa bisa ga karkatacciyar hanya, wanda ke ƙayyade kusurwar harbe-harbe na thyristors.
Juyin Halitta da Rarraba: Sashin Kula da Ƙofar yana haifar da babban mitoci (misali, 62 kHz) jiragen ƙasa na harbin bugun jini dangane da fitowar mai sarrafawa da siginonin aiki tare. Ana aika waɗannan bugunan ta hanyar igiyoyin ribbon zuwa CIN sannan GDI ya haɓaka su don fitar da gadojin thyristor.
Ci gaba da Sa Ido: A cikin wannan tsari, na'urorin kariya suna ci gaba da sa ido kan duk masu canji masu mahimmanci. Bayan gano yanayin rashin iyaka ko kuskure, nan da nan suna aiwatar da matakan kariya da suka dace (misali, ƙararrawa, tilasta filin, tafiya).
4. Sakewa da Tsarin Amincewa
A cikin tsarin tashoshi biyu, COB guda biyu suna aiki a layi daya. Yawanci, ɗayan yana cikin yanayin 'Active', yana sarrafa abubuwan fitarwa, ɗayan kuma yana cikin yanayin 'Standby' yana bin tsarin tsarin a ainihin-lokaci. Idan an gano gazawa a cikin tashar mai aiki, tsarin zai iya yin canja wuri maras cikawa, inda tashar jiran aiki ke ɗaukar iko, yana tabbatar da matsakaicin ci gaba da aikin tsarin motsa jiki.
4. Kanfigareshan Na'urar & Saituna
Duk da yake yawancin ayyukan COB ana daidaita su ta hanyar sigogin software, dole ne a sanya wasu mahimman saitunan kayan masarufi kai tsaye akan allo.
1. Saitin Adireshin Node na ARCnet
Wannan shine wuri mafi mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin sadarwa. Adireshin da ba daidai ba zai haifar da gazawar sadarwa.
Tashar 1 (COB 1): Babban Byte = 0, Ƙananan Byte = 1 (Adireshin Decimal: 1)
Tashoshi 2 (COB 2): Babban Byte=0, Ƙananan Byte=2 (Adireshin Decimal: 2)
Saita ta amfani da maɓallan rotary hexadecimal akan allo.
2. Saitunan Mita da Aiki tare (ta Jumpers)
Don aikace-aikace na musamman, kamar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na 16⅔ Hz, ana buƙatar saitin kayan aiki:
S2:7-8: Ana amfani da shi don 16⅔ Hz tsarin motsa jiki, dole ne a saita shi zuwa BUDE don karɓar bugun jini na aiki tare na waje daga EGC.
S2: 9-10: Ana amfani dashi don aikace-aikacen 50/60 Hz na yau da kullun, dole ne a shigar da jumper.
Resistors R6246/R6249: Ana amfani da su don daidaitawa zuwa ma'aunin wutar lantarki na lokaci-lokaci uku (50/60Hz) ko lokaci-ɗaya (16⅔ Hz).
3. Kanfigareshan Auna Zazzabi (ta Jumper S3)
S3: 1-2: Idan amfani da UNS 2861b don auna zafin jiki, wannan jumper ya kamata a BUDE.
S3: 3-4: Ana amfani da shi don shigarwar analog na shunt a kan PSI, wannan jumper ya kamata a RUFE.
4. Gwajin Factory da Jumpers Amfani na ciki
Wasu matsayi na jumpers S1 da S2 (misali, S2:1-2, S2:5-6, S1:1-10) ana yiwa alama 'Don gwaje-gwajen masana'anta kawai.' A aikace-aikace na al'ada, waɗannan dole ne su kasance cikin yanayin buɗewa ko rufewa (yawanci buɗewa) kuma kada mai amfani ya canza su.
5. Yanayin Aikace-aikacen & Amfanin Tsarin
1. Core Applications
A matsayin babban mai kula da UNITROL 5000, COB ya dace da duk tsarin motsa jiki na injin aiki tare ta amfani da wannan dandamali, gami da:
Manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki da tashoshin wutar lantarki
Tashar makamashin nukiliya
Manya-manyan injunan aiki tare don tuƙi masana'antu
Tushen wutar lantarkin ajiya
2. Amfanin Tsarin da Aka Bayar
Babban Haɗin kai: Haɗa sarrafawa, kariya, da ayyukan saka idanu a cikin raka'a ɗaya, sauƙaƙe tsarin gine-gine.
Babban Ayyuka: Ƙarfin sarrafawa yana tabbatar da sauri da daidaitaccen amsawar sarrafawa, yana biyan manyan buƙatun grid na wutar lantarki na zamani don ingancin wutar lantarki.
Kyakkyawan sassauci: Sauƙaƙan daidaitawa zuwa halaye daban-daban na janareta da ƙayyadaddun grid ta hanyar daidaita software.
Babban Dogara: Ƙirar ƙira, kuskuren bincike na kai, da hanyoyin adana bayanai na dindindin suna tabbatar da aikin tsayayyen tsarin aiki na dogon lokaci.
Sauƙin Kulawa: Wadatattun musaya na sadarwa da ayyukan nunin matsayi suna sa ƙaddamarwa, saka idanu, da kuma magance matsala mafi inganci.
