Sashin Samar da Wuta na UNS 0868 yana aiki azaman ɓangarorin ɓangarorin da ke da alhakin samar da wutar lantarki da gudanarwa a cikin tsarin motsa jiki na ABB UNITROL® F, wanda aka ɗauka daidai da 'zuciya' na gabaɗayan tsarin sarrafawa. Manufar ƙira ta farko ita ce samar da ingantaccen abin dogaro, mai yawa, da tsayayyen ƙarfin aiki na DC don sarrafa kayan lantarki na tsarin zumudi. Wannan yana tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki mara yankewa na duk ƙa'idodi, sarrafawa, da ayyukan kariya a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na janareta daban-daban, gami da farawa, rufewa, har ma da abubuwan da suka faru na wucin gadi irin su grid.
A cikin tsarin motsa jiki, sarrafa kayan lantarki (kamar hukumar kula da SDCS-CON-2, na'urar sarrafa siginar UNS 1860, UNS 0863 I/O interface, da dai sauransu) na buƙatar tsattsauran ra'ayi na DC. Koyaya, matakan ƙarfin lantarki da ingancin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da ake samu a cikin saitunan masana'antu (kamar batir tasho da ikon AC na taimako) galibi basa cika waɗannan buƙatun. An ƙera UNS 0868 musamman don magance wannan batu, cika mahimman ayyuka na daidaitawar wutar lantarki, sauyawar sakewa, da keɓewar lantarki. Asalin falsafar ƙira ta cibiyoyi akan samuwa da aminci. Ta hanyar haɗa abubuwan shigar da wutar lantarki guda biyu da ra'ayi na sakewa na N+1, yana hana gazawar tushen wutar lantarki guda ɗaya daga haifar da cikakken rufe tsarin sarrafa kuzari, ta haka ne ke kiyaye janareta da grid ɗin wuta.
Wannan naúrar ita ce na'urar da aka ɗora a kan allo wanda aka girka a cikin ma'ajin motsa jiki, an haɗa shi da batura na waje, tushen wutar lantarki, da lodi na ciki ta hanyar daidaitattun tubalan tasha.
2. Mabuɗin Siffofin
Ayyukan UNS 0868 sun ta'allaka ne akan jujjuyawar wutar lantarki, rarrabawa, da gudanarwa, musamman waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:
2.1. Abubuwan Shigar Wuta Mai Sauƙi Biyu
Tashoshin shigarwa: Yana ba da tashoshi shigar wutar lantarki masu zaman kansu guda biyu.
Shigar da DC: Yana haɗi zuwa bankin baturi na tashar wutar lantarki. Wannan shine tushen wutar lantarki na farko kuma mafi aminci ga tsarin.
Shigarwar AC: Yana haɗi zuwa gefen na biyu na taswirar motsa jiki ko na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta AC. Wannan tushen yana aiki azaman madadin ko kari ga baturi.
Canjawa mara kyau ta atomatik: Abubuwan shigar guda biyu ana haɗa su a ciki ta hanyar diodes. Muddin kowane ɗayan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki ya kasance na al'ada, ana ba da tabbacin ci gaba da fitar da naúrar, yana ba da damar sauyawa na gaskiya mara kyau da kuma kawar da faɗuwa ɗaya.
2.2. Abubuwan Fitar da Wutar Lantarki na Dc
UNS 0868 tana haifar da fitowar DC masu zaman kansu guda biyu tare da halaye daban-daban don ƙarfafa sassa daban-daban na tsarin:
240 VDC Babban Fitarwa: An tsara wannan fitarwa ta musamman don allon samar da wutar lantarki na SDCS-POW-4 da aka shigar a cikin babban rukunin UNITROL® F. Kwamitin POW-4, bi da bi, yana haifar da ƙananan ƙananan matakan DC da ake buƙata ta tsarin sarrafawa (misali, ± 15V, + 5V, + 24V). Wannan fitowar ita ce tushen makamashi na ƙarshe don dabarun sarrafawa da sarrafa sigina.
24 VDC Auxiliary Output: Wannan keɓaɓɓen ƙarfin lantarki ne na 24V DC, musamman ana amfani dashi azaman:
Voltage Tambayoyi: Yana ba da damar gama gari don da'irorin shigarwa na dijital 16 akan Interface UNS 0863 I/O.
Bayar da Manufar Gabaɗaya: Yana ba da iko ga sauran masu amfani da 24V, kamar transducers, ma'auratan bas, da sauransu.
2.3. Cikakken Ikon Kulawa da Alamar Matsayi
Input Voltage Monitoring: Naúrar tana ci gaba da lura da matsayin duka ƙarfin shigarwar DC da AC.
Rashin Fitar Siginar: Lokacin da ko wanne irin ƙarfin shigarwar ya gaza, naúrar tana ba da siginar ƙararrawa ta hanyar tuntuɓar kuskuren relay (siginar FAIL). Ana iya samun wannan siginar ta tsarin kulawa don faɗakar da ma'aikatan aiki game da matsayin wutar lantarki.
Alamar Matsayin LED: AC ON da DC ON Manufofin LED a gaban panel suna ba da nuni na gani na kasancewar matsayin maɓuɓɓugan wutar lantarki guda biyu.
2.4. Taimako don Aiki na Daidaitawa
24V Output Paralleling: A cikin tsarin tashoshi biyu (AFT), abubuwan 24V DC na raka'a UNS 0868 an ba da izinin haɗa su a layi daya. Naúrar ta ƙunshi diodes masu lalata don wannan dalili kuma tana ba da ƙayyadaddun tashoshi masu daidaitawa (6/7 da 8/9), tabbatar da cewa idan ɗayan wutar lantarki ya gaza gabaɗaya, ɗayan na iya ɗaukar nauyin nauyin 24V gaba ɗaya ba tare da matsala ba, yana samun nasarar N+1 a matakin samar da wutar lantarki.
2.5. Riƙewa da Buffering
Interface Capacitor na waje: An tsara fitarwar 240V DC tare da tashoshi (18/20) don haɗa capacitor na waje. Wannan yana ba da damar kuzarin da aka adana a cikin capacitor don kula da fitarwa na 240V DC yayin taƙaitaccen katsewar ikon shigar da DC (misali, millise seconds zuwa ɗaruruwan millise seconds), tabbatar da tsarin sarrafawa baya sake saitawa ko rashin aiki saboda dips ɗin wuta nan take. Ana auna ƙarfin dorewarta a matsayin 2.2mF/s, kuma ana iya zaɓar ƙimar ƙarfin aiki dangane da lokacin da ake buƙata na tsarin.
3. Ƙa'idar Aiki da Hanyar sarrafa sigina
Aikin cikin gida na UNS 0868 ya ƙunshi ƙayyadaddun tsari na juyawa da sarrafawa. Sassan da ke gaba suna zurfafa cikin cikakkiyar ƙa'idar aiki daga shigarwa zuwa fitarwa.
3.1. Sarrafa Shigarwa Biyu da Tsarin Canjawar Ragewa
a. liyafar shigar da shigarwa da daidaitawa:
UNS 0868 ta zo cikin nau'i biyu don ɗaukar ma'auni daban-daban na tashar wutar lantarki ta duniya:
Shafin 1: Don tsarin 24/48 VDC da tsarin 34 VAC.
Shafin 2: Don tsarin 110/250 VDC da tsarin 170 VAC.
Na'urar kewayawa ta ciki, musamman mai jujjuyawar gaba, an ƙera ta don daidaitawa ta atomatik zuwa kewayon ƙarfin shigarwa mai faɗi da aka ƙayyade don sigar sa.
b. Diode Decoupling da 'OR' Hankali:
Wannan shine jigon aiwatar da sakewa. Ana haɗa shigarwar DC da shigarwar AC kafin shigar da mai canzawa na gaba, kowanne ta hanyar diode ɗin sa. Waɗannan diodes guda biyu suna samar da kofa mai sauƙi 'OR':
Idan shigarwar DC ta al'ada ce, halin yanzu yana gudana daga gefen DC.
Idan shigarwar DC ta ɓace amma shigarwar AC ta al'ada ce, halin yanzu yana gudana daga gefen AC.
Diodes suna hana halin yanzu komawa daga tushe ɗaya zuwa wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba, samun cikakkiyar keɓewar wutar lantarki da kuma sauyawa na yanzu mara kewayawa. Ana aiwatar da wannan tsari ne kawai a cikin kayan masarufi, yana da sauri sosai (microseconds), kuma ba shi da jinkirin sauyawa.
3.2. Ƙa'idar Canjin Ƙarfafa DC-DC
a. Canjin Sauyawa Mai Girma:
Ko da kuwa ko makamashin ya fito daga shigarwar DC ko AC (an fara gyara AC zuwa DC), ba a amfani da haɗin wutar lantarki kai tsaye. Ana ciyar da shi cikin babban mai sauyawa DC-DC mai haɓaka haɓakawa. Jigon wannan mai jujjuya shi ne babban mai sauyawa transistor (misali, MOSFET) wanda ke kunna da kashewa akai-akai a babban mitar (yawanci dubun zuwa ɗaruruwan kHz).
b. Ajiye Makamashi da Saki:
Lokacin da mai kunnawa ke kunne, ana adana makamashi a cikin inductor. Lokacin da mai kunnawa ya kashe, inductor, don kula da halin yanzu, yana haifar da wani ƙarfi na hana lantarki. Wannan irin ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara wa ƙarfin shigarwa, yana samar da bugun jini sama da ƙarfin shigarwar.
c. Gyarawa da Tacewa:
Wannan mitar mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana wucewa ta cikin na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi (samar da keɓancewa) da diode mai gyarawa, sannan kuma ana daidaita shi ta hanyar capacitor na fitarwa, a ƙarshe yana samar da ingantaccen ƙarfin fitarwa na 240 VDC. Madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin amsawa (PWM modulation) yana tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fitarwa ya kasance barga a 240V ± 10%, ba tare da la'akari da sauye-sauye a cikin kewayon shigarwar da aka yarda ba.
3.3. 24V Keɓaɓɓen Ƙa'idar Ƙirƙirar Fitarwa
Ana kara sarrafa wutar lantarkin motar bas 240V DC don samar da fitarwar 24V. Wannan tsari yawanci ana sarrafa shi ta wani, mai canza DC-DC mai zaman kansa, wanda ainihin shi ma babban da'irar sauyawa ce.
Galvanic Isolation: Babban mai canzawa a cikin wannan mai canzawa ya keɓe, ma'ana ta farko (gefen 240V) da na sakandare (gefen 24V) sun bambanta da lantarki gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake karya haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin hanyoyin sarrafawa (gefen 24V) da manyan hanyoyin wutar lantarki (gefen 240V), yana haɓaka haɓakar hayaniyar tsarin da aminci sosai ta hanyar hana abubuwan da ke haifar da yuwuwar bambance-bambancen ƙasa.
Ka'ida da Ƙayyadaddun Yanzu: Wannan kewaye kuma tana da ƙa'idodin ƙarfin lantarki don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitarwa na 24V. Haka kuma, an ƙera shi don ya zama shaida ta gajeriyar kewayawa, ma’ana ko da na’urorin da ake fitarwa ba su da ɗan gajeren kewayawa ba da gangan ba, da’ira za ta shiga yanayin iyaka na yanzu ko kuma a rufe ta, ta murmure kai tsaye da zarar an goge laifin, ba tare da lahanta naúrar ba.
3.4. Ka'idodin Aiki na Da'ira
a. Sensing Voltage:
Naúrar tana ƙunshe da na'urorin kwatanta wutar lantarki waɗanda ke ci gaba da yin samfurin ƙarfin shigarwar DC da AC.
b. Hukuncin Hankali da Fitar da Sigina:
Matsayin LEDs: Lokacin da samfurin ƙarfin lantarki ya wuce ƙayyadaddun saiti, mai kwatancen yana fitar da madaidaicin AC ON ko DC ON LED don haskakawa.
Siginar FAIL: An ƙirƙira ma'anar sa ido kamar haka: Ana kunna siginar FAIL (lambobin buɗewa) kawai lokacin da duka biyu suka gaza lokaci guda. ƙarfin shigarwar Idan shigarwa ɗaya kawai ta gaza, siginar FAIL ba ta kunna saboda ɗayan yana iya ci gaba da aiki. Wannan yana guje wa ƙararrawar ƙarya mara amfani. Ana samar da siginar FAIL ta hanyar fitarwar tuntuɓar sadarwa, tana ba da hanya madaidaiciya, mara yuwuwa, da keɓantaccen hanyar nuna kuskure wanda za'a iya haɗa shi cikin aminci zuwa kowane tsarin sa ido na waje.
3.5. Hanyoyin Kariya
Fuses na Input: Naúrar tana haɗa fuses (F1, F2) akan bangarorin shigar AC da DC a ciki. Waɗannan suna aiki don cire haɗin tushen wutar lantarki da sauri a yayin da wani mummunan lahani na ciki ya kasance (misali, sauya gajeriyar kewayawa ta transistor), hana ɓarna kuskure da kare batura da tsarin rarrabawa.
Kulle Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira: A cikin sigar 'b', naúrar tana da aikin kullewar ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Yana hana mai canzawa farawa ko aiki lokacin da ƙarfin shigarwar ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana hana yuwuwar lalacewa daga aiki ƙarƙashin ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki.
4. Tsarin Haɗin kai da Ƙaddamarwa
4.1. Haɗin Wutar Lantarki
Wuraren shigarwa:
Tasha 1(L), 2(N): Haɗa zuwa shigar da AC.
Tashoshi 4(-), 5(+): Haɗa zuwa shigar da DC (lura da polarity).
Wuraren fitarwa:
Tashoshi 17 (+), 19 (-): Fitar 240 VDC zuwa hukumar samar da wutar lantarki ta POW-4.
Tashoshi 6 (+), 8 (-): Fitar 24 VDC ƙarfin lantarki.
Tashoshi 7, 9: Ana amfani da shi don daidaita abubuwan 24V.
Tashar Sigina:
4.2. Gine-ginen Aikace-aikace a cikin Tsarin Haɓaka
A cikin tsarin UNITROL® F na yau da kullun, fitowar 240V DC na UNS 0868 an haɗa kai tsaye zuwa shigar da hukumar samar da wutar lantarki ta SDCS-POW-4 a cikin babban sashin sarrafawa. Kwamitin POW-4 sannan yana ba da matakan ƙarfin aiki daban-daban ta igiyoyi masu lebur zuwa kwamitin kula da SDCS-CON-2, na'urar sarrafa siginar UNS 1860, da dai sauransu. Ana haɗa fitarwar 24V DC zuwa Interface UNS 0863 I/O don kunna abubuwan shigar da dijital da relays na ciki.
4.3. Kwamishina da Duba Aiki
Tabbacin Sigar: Da farko, tabbatar da cewa sigar UNS 0868 (V1 ko V2) ta yi daidai da baturin rukunin yanar gizon da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC.
Duban Ƙarfi: Bayan amfani da wutar lantarki, lura ko AC ON da DC ON LED alamomi suna haskakawa.
Ma'aunin Wuta: Yi amfani da multimeter don auna fitowar 240V DC (tashafi 17/19) da fitarwa na 24V DC (tasha 6/8); ƙarfin lantarki ya kamata ya kasance cikin juriyar da aka yarda.
Fault Simulation: Cire haɗin tushen wutar lantarki ɗaya kuma duba idan ɗayan zai iya kula da fitarwa ba tare da matsala ba, kuma tabbatar da matsayin siginar FAIL.
5. Yanayin aikace-aikace
An tsara UNS 0868 don mahallin masana'antu da ke buƙatar babban dogaro, da farko ana amfani da su a:
Tsarin Farko na Shuka Wutar Lantarki: UNITROL® F ɗakunan ban sha'awa a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan wutar lantarki (thermal, hydro, nukiliya, injin turbin gas, da sauransu).
Mahimman Tsarin Masana'antu: Mahimman matakai waɗanda manyan injuna na aiki tare suke tafiyar da su, kamar a cikin tsire-tsire masu sinadarai, ma'aunin makamashin iska, da ƙarfe.
Tsarin Wutar Ruwa: Gudanar da kuzari ga masu samar da ruwa.
Duk wani tsarin sarrafawa da ke buƙatar samuwa mai yawa da ƙarin tabbacin samar da wutar lantarki.
