Hukumar Kariyar Gaggawa ta Turbine ta IS215VPROH2B ita ce ginshiƙi, yanki mai zaman kansa a cikin General Electric's (GE) Mark VI gas da tsarin sarrafa injin tururi, wanda ke samar da mafi girman gine-ginen kariyar kariya. An tsara wannan kwamiti musamman don Kariyar Gaggawa Overspeed (EOS) da sauran ayyuka na aminci mai mahimmanci. Babban falsafarsa shine kafa 'layin tsaro na ƙarshe' wanda ya kasance a zahiri, lantarki, da hankali gabaɗaya gabaɗaya daga babban tsarin sarrafawa. A lokacin da injina ke aiki da injina, musamman manya, na'urori masu jujjuyawa masu sauri kamar iskar gas da injin tururi, wuce gona da iri na daya daga cikin kurakuran da ke da hatsarin gaske da ke haifar da bala'i. Tsarin VPRO, musamman nau'in ƙaramin ƙarfi na VPROH2B, yana wanzuwa don tabbatar da abin dogaro da kariyar kayan aikin kanta, koda kuwa babban tsarin sarrafawa (
,
) duk sun kasa.
Hukumar IS215VPROH2B tana aiki a cikin mai zaman kanta, Module Kariya Modular Redundant (TMR).
taraka. Wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi allunan VPRO guda uku iri ɗaya, R8, S8, da T8 (ana kiran sigar farko X, Y, Z). Waɗannan allunan guda uku suna aiki a layi ɗaya a cikin keɓantaccen shinge na zahiri, suna aiwatar da dabaru na zaɓe '2-na-3'. Ƙirar tana ba da damar saukar da wuta, sauyawa, ko kiyaye kowane kwamiti guda ɗaya yayin da naúrar ke gudana, ba tare da lalata amincin tsarin kariya ba.
IS215VPROH2B tana karɓar sigina daga na'urori masu auna filaye da aka keɓe ta hanyar tashar tashar tashar TPRO, gami da ɗimbin saurin maganadisu masu zaman kansu guda uku, madaidaicin wutar lantarki, thermocouples, da shigarwar analog. A lokaci guda, kai tsaye yana sarrafa na'urori na ƙarshe - tafiya solenoids (ETDs) - ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin ba da sanda a kan tashar tashar TREG. Sadarwa tare da babban tsarin kulawa yana iyakance ga saka idanu mara mahimmanci da gwajin gwajin umarni ta hanyar Ethernet (IONet), tabbatar da 'yancin kai da amincin ayyukan kariya.
Babban Ayyuka da Features
Kwamitin kariya na IS215VPROH2B yana haɗa tsarin ayyuka da yawa da aka keɓe don kariya mai mahimmanci, tare da mahimman ayyuka masu zuwa da fasalulluka ƙira:
1. Kariya Mai Sauƙi Mai Sauƙi Sau Uku Mai Zaman Kanta (Babban Manufar):
Cikakkiyar Tashoshin Hankali Masu Zaman Kai: Tsarin yana amfani da rukunonin firikwensin sauri guda biyu masu zaman kansu. Saitin farko (kyakkyawan 3) babban mai sarrafa (VTUR) yana amfani da shi don sarrafa saurin gudu da kariyar saurin wuce gona da iri. Saitin na biyu (wasu pickups 3) an keɓe shi kaɗai ga allunan VPRO guda uku a cikin Module Kariya.
, cimma warewa ta jiki a matakin ji.
'2-out-of-3' Hardwired Voting Architecture: The R8, S8, da T8 VPRO allunan da ke cikin tsarin kariya suna aiwatar da siginar saurin da aka ba su. Duk shawarar tafiya mai wuce gona da iri dole ne ta wuce kuri'ar '2-fita-3'. Ana ba da umarnin tafiya ne kawai idan aƙalla alluna biyu da kansu suka yanke hukunci kan yanayin da ya wuce kima. Wannan yana kawar da yiwuwar kuskuren allo guda ɗaya wanda ke haifar da balaguron ƙarya (tafiya mai ban tsoro) ko gazawar tafiya (tafiya da aka rasa).
Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Tafiya Mai Zaman Kai: Masu amfani za su iya saita saitunan saurin tafiya daban don Babban Overspeed (tsarin sarrafawa) da Gaggawa Overspeed (tsarin kariyar VPRO) ( OS_Setpoint ). Matsakaicin saurin wucewar gaggawa yawanci ana saita shi sama azaman madadin gaskiya. Bugu da ƙari, VPRO yana goyan bayan Tafiya Haɗawa ( Accel_Trip ) don gano matsananciyar gudu (misali, kin amincewa da kaya kwatsam). Ko da cikakken gudun bai wuce iyaka ba, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici (misali, wuce 100%/s) na iya jawo tafiya.
2. Kula da Sauri na Hankali da Ƙididdigar Bincike:
Ƙididdigar Maɗaukaki Mai Girma: VPRO yana ƙididdige saurin ta hanyar auna lokacin haƙoran gear su wuce ta amfani da madaidaicin ƙidayar lokaci. Yana goyan bayan kewayon mitar bugun jini daga 2 Hz zuwa 20 kHz tare da daidaiton 0.05% na karatu.
Kariyar Bambancin Sauri ( SpeedDiffEn ): Wannan muhimmin aikin tabbatar da giciye ne. VPRO ya ci gaba da kwatanta saurin lissafin kansa tare da siginar saurin ( Speed1 ) da aka karɓa daga babban mai sarrafawa ta hanyar IONet. Idan bambance-bambancen ya wuce matakin da aka tsara ( OS_Diff ) na tsawon lokaci mai ɗorewa, yana nuna babbar matsala tare da babban tsarin ko madauki na hankali, kuma VPRO na iya fara tafiya don hana asarar kariya saboda babban kuskuren ma'aunin tsarin.
Gano Gudun Matsala ( StaleSpdEn ): Ci gaba da saka idanu ko siginar saurin daga babban mai sarrafawa ya kasance 'daskararre' (ba a canzawa na tsawon lokaci). Gano siginar daskararre yana nuna yuwuwar gazawar babban hanyar sadarwa ko sarrafawa, kuma VPRO na iya fara tafiya.
3. Cikakken Kula da Fitar da Tafiya:
Hanyoyi guda biyu masu zaman kansu: Tafiya solenoids (ETDs) ana gudanar da su tare da allunan tasha biyu: TRPG (yana ba da wutar lantarki mara kyau) da TREG (yana ba da ingantaccen wadata da sarrafawa ta hanyar relays). Ko wanne ƙarshen zai iya cire wutar lantarki da kansa, yana rage kuzarin solenoid kuma yana tuƙi tsarin hydraulic don rufe bawuloli. Wannan yana ba da madaidaicin kayan aiki biyu.
Ikon kada kuri'a na Rukuni na Relay: Hukumar tasha ta TREG tana karbar relays 12. Daga cikin waɗannan, 9 Relays na Tafiya na Gaggawa (ETRs) an raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku na uku, kowannensu yana sarrafawa ta allon R8, S8, da T8 VPRO bi da bi. Kowace ƙungiya tana sarrafa solenoid tafiya ɗaya. Umarnin tafiya dole ne ya wuce dabaru na zaɓe duka a cikin VPROs da tsakanin ƙungiyoyin relay, yana tabbatar da amincin aiki.
Tattalin Arziki Resistors da Tattalin Arziki Relays (KE): Kowane tafiya solenoid da'ira ne 串联 (haɗe a cikin jerin) tare da tattalin arziki resistor (10 Ω, 70 W) da kuma Tattalin Arziki Relay (KE). A lokacin aiki na yau da kullun, KE gudun ba da sanda yana samun kuzari, yana rage juriya, yana barin solenoid ya sami cikakken ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance cikin kuzari. A nan take aka ba da umarnin tafiya, KE relay de-earged farko, yana tilastawa halin yanzu ta hanyar iyakacin iyaka na kusan daƙiƙa 0.1 kafin ETR ya buɗe don kammala tafiyar. Wannan yana rage dumama coil da amfani da makamashi yayin aiki na dogon lokaci kuma yana rage ƙiba a lambobin sadarwa yayin buɗewa.
4. Ajiyayyen Duba Aiki tare da Kariyar Generator:
VPRO yana haɗa aikin Duban Aiki tare. Yana karɓar sigina mai yuwuwar Canzawa (PT) masu zaman kansu guda biyu (115 Vrms) daga janareta da gefen bas ta hanyar tashar tashar TPRO.
Yana amfani da fasaha-Locked Loop (PLL) fasaha don auna daidai girman bambancin girma, bambancin mita, da bambancin kusurwar lokaci tsakanin wutar lantarki biyu. Daidaiton ma'aunin lokaci ya fi ± 1 digiri a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki da mita.
Sakamakon rajistan aiki tare daga allunan VPRO guda uku ana zaɓe ta hanyar gudun ba da sanda (misali, K25A akan TTUR). Ana ba da umarni na kusa ko izini ne kawai idan duk allunan guda uku sun yanke hukunci cewa an cika sharuɗɗan aiki tare, suna ba da madaidaicin madaidaicin tsaka-tsakin aminci don aiki tare ta atomatik.
5. Saka idanu na taimako da Abubuwan Kariya:
Abubuwan shigarwa na Thermocouple: Yana goyan bayan abubuwan shigar da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio 9 (nau'ikan E, J, K, T), yawanci ana amfani da su don kariya daga matsanancin zafin jiki akan injin turbin gas. Za a iya fara tafiya idan yawan zafin jiki ya zarce wurin da aka saita ( OwTemp_Trip ). Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun yi kama da hukumar VTCC, waɗanda ke nuna ramuwar junction sanyi da tantance kai.
Analog Inputs: Yana ba da abubuwan shigar analog guda 3. Ana iya zaɓar ɗaya tsakanin 4-20 mA, ± 5 V dc, da ± 10 V dc; Sauran biyun sune abubuwan shigar 4-20mA. Waɗannan suna iya saka idanu kan wasu sigogi masu mahimmanci (misali, matsa lamba, kwarara) kuma suyi aiki azaman yanayin tafiya.
Abubuwan shigar da Maɓalli na Tafiya: Yana ba da abubuwan shigar busassun busassun 7 don karɓar siginar balaguro daga wasu tsarin kariya (misali, babban jijjiga, ƙaramin matsi mai lube, maɓallan tsayawar gaggawa na hannu). Ana iya saita shi don tafiya kai tsaye ko yanayin balaguron sharadi.
6. Babban Dogarowar Tsara da Ƙarfin Kulawa akan Layi:
Samar da Wutar Lantarki mai zaman kanta: Kowane kwamitin VPRO, da tsarin kariya gabaɗaya, an sanye shi da kayan wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa, yana jujjuya 125 V DC daga Module Rarraba Wuta (PDM) zuwa 5 V DC da 28 V DC da ake buƙata. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki sau uku yana kawar da haɗarin gazawar wutar lantarki mai maki ɗaya.
Ayyukan Gwajin Kan layi: Kowace tafiya solenoid za a iya gwada ta kan layi ta hanyar software mai sarrafawa. Yayin gwaji, ana iya rage kuzarin solenoid guda ɗaya ba tare da ya shafi sauran biyun ba, yana tabbatar da ingancin injinsa da na lantarki. Hakanan ana goyan bayan gwaje-gwajen simintin simintin ƙetare na kan layi.
Modularity da Hot-Swap: Saboda ƙirar sake maimaita sau uku, duk tsarin kariya yana ba da damar cirewa da maye gurbin kowane kwamiti na VPRO guda ɗaya yayin da naúrar ke gudana, ba tare da katse tsarin kariya ba.
Ƙa'idar Aiki
Ka'idar aiki na tsarin IS215VPROH2B rufaffiyar sarkar tsaro ce mai rufaffiyar madaidaici da ke haɗa ji mai zaman kanta, aiki mai kama da juna, sake zaɓe, da amintaccen kisa.
1. Samun Sigina mai zaman kansa da sarrafawa:
Sigina na Sauri: Sigina na igiyar ruwa daga saiti na biyu na ƙwararrun Magnetic Pickups guda uku (MPUs) don kariyar EOS ana aika su ta hanyar dogayen igiyoyi (har zuwa 300m) zuwa tashar tashar TPRO. Bayan dakatarwar amo, ana ciyar da su cikin keɓaɓɓun tashoshin shigar da bugun jini mai sauri na allon R8, S8, da T8 VPRO (ta hanyar masu haɗin J5/J6). Kowane kwamiti na VPRO da kansa kuma yana ƙidayar lokaci tare da lokutan da aka sanya shi, ta amfani da madaidaicin algorithms don ƙididdige saurin injin turbine ( PR1/2/3 ) da haɓakawa ( PR1/2/3_Accel ) a cikin ainihin-lokaci.
Aiki tare da Alamar Analog: Sigina kamar janareta/bas PT voltages, thermocouples, da abubuwan shigar analog suna layi ɗaya kuma ana rarraba su akan tashar tashar TPRO zuwa allunan VPRO guda uku (misali, thermocouples uku suna zuwa R, S, T bi da bi). Kowane allo yana yin jujjuyawar A/D da kansa, tacewa, da lissafin ƙimar injiniya.
2. Hukuncin Hankali na Kariya da Zaɓen Cikin Gida:
Kowane kwamitin VPRO yana kwatanta saurin da aka ƙididdige shi tare da saita mai amfani da Matsakaicin Tafiyar Tafiyar Gaggawa ( OS_Setpoint ). A lokaci guda, yana bincika idan hanzari ya wuce iyaka kuma yana kimanta bambancin siginar sauri da matsayi da aka karɓa daga babban mai sarrafawa.
Don aiki tare cak, kariyar zafin jiki, cin zarafi na analog, da sauransu, kowace hukumar ita ma tana aiwatar da dabarar kariya da kanta, tana samar da matsayin 'shawarar tafiya ta farko'.
3. Zaɓen Matakin Tsari Sau Uku:
Wannan shine ainihin tsarin aminci na tsarin VPRO. Allolin R8, S8, da T8 suna musayar bayanin matsayin kariya daban-daban ta hanyar sadaukarwa, keɓewar jirgin baya ko haɗin kai-zuwa-aya, dabam da babban hanyar sadarwa.
Ga kowane fitowar tafiya (misali, ETR1 relay controlling solenoid #1), umarni na ƙarshe na 'actuate' yana buƙatar aƙalla allunan VPRO guda biyu don kada kuri'a 'tafiya da ake buƙata.' Tsarin yana aiwatar da tsauraran kayan aikin '2-out-3' da kuma kada kuri'a. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa duk wani laifi a cikin allon VPRO guda ɗaya (ko kuskuren firikwensin, gazawar sarrafawa, ko guduwar software) ba zai iya haifar da balaguron ƙarya ba ɗaya ɗaya. Akasin haka, idan dai alluna biyu suna aiki daidai, kariya ta kasance mai tasiri, tana hana gazawar tafiya.
4. Amintaccen Tuki da Kisa:
Umurnin balaguron da aka zaɓa yana aiki akan daidaitaccen Tafiya na Gaggawa (ETR) akan hukumar ta TREG.
Jerin Tafiya: Lokacin da yanayin tafiya ya cika: 1) Na farko, daidaitaccen Relay na Tattalin Arziki (KE) yana kawar da kuzari, yana haifar da gudanawar halin yanzu ta cikin jerin resistor na tattalin arziki. Wutar lantarki na nada solenoid yana raguwa amma ana kiyaye shi na ɗan gajeren lokaci. 2) Nan da nan bayan (milli seconds), Relay Tafiya ta Gaggawa (ETR) ta buɗe, gaba ɗaya yanke wutar 125 V DC zuwa wannan solenoid. Solenoid da ke da kuzari yana haifar da bawul ɗin hydraulic matukinsa ya kunna, wanda ke haifar da damuwa na babban da'irar hydraulic, wanda ke motsa tururi ko bawul ɗin mai don rufewa da sauri, yana rufe injin turbine.
Ra'ayin Matsayi da Bincike: VPRO yana ci gaba da lura da na'urar tuki na yanzu (bayanan tuki) da ainihin yanayin abubuwan da ake fitarwa (tunanin tuntuɓar) ga kowane ETR da KE relay. Hakanan yana lura da lafiyar wutar lantarki ta 125 V DC zuwa solenoids. Duk wani rashin daidaituwa tsakanin 'umurni' da 'ainihin ra'ayi,' ko asarar wutar lantarki, nan da nan yana haifar da ƙararrawar bincike dalla-dalla kuma ana nuna shi a kan ledojin gaban panel (RUN green flash, FAIL ja tsayayye, MATSAYI orange ya tsayayye), yana tabbatar da an gano kuskure da sauri.
5. Amintaccen Interface tare da Babban Tsarin Kulawa:
VPRO yana sadarwa tare da babban mai sarrafawa (VCMI) ta hanyar IONet Ethernet. Ana amfani da wannan sadarwa da farko don:
Bayar da rahoton halin lafiyar kansa na VPRO, bayanan bincike, da ƙididdiga bayanai kamar saurin zuwa babban mai sarrafawa.
Karɓan umarnin gwajin kan layi, ƙimar ƙimar saurin gudu (don kwatanta saurin bambance-bambancen), da sarrafa siginar sa ido daga babban mai sarrafawa.
Mabuɗin Maɓalli: Ba a amfani da wannan hanyar sadarwar sadarwa don watsa shawarwarin tafiya na ainihi. An yanke shawarar tafiya gaba ɗaya a cikin tsarin kariya. Rashin sadarwa baya hana VPRO ikon aiwatar da ayyukansa na kariya, yana manne da ka'idar tsarin tsaro 'fail-safe'. A haƙiƙa, idan asarar sadarwa ta sa 'Control Watchdog' ( ContWdogEn ) ya ƙare, VPRO na iya fara tafiya saboda ba ta iya tabbatar da cewa babban mai sarrafa yana aiki.
Bambance-bambancen Maɓalli daga VPROH1A/H1B
A matsayin ingantaccen sigar ƙaramin ƙarfi, babban bambance-bambancen aiki na VPRH2B idan aka kwatanta da VPROH1A/H1B sune:
Babu Goyon baya ga Hukumar TREG ta Biyu: IS215VPROH2B yana barin tallafi don haɗa allon tashar TREG na biyu (wanda zai ba da damar sarrafa ƙarin solenoids na tafiya) ta hanyar haɗin J4. Wannan yana nufin kwamiti na VPROH2B guda ɗaya zai iya sarrafawa a mafi yawan allon TREG guda ɗaya da haɗin gwiwa 3 balaguron solenoids. Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar allon TREG na biyu dole ne su yi amfani da VPROH1A ko VPROH1B.
Haɓaka Amfani da Wutar Lantarki: Ta hanyar daidaita sashin kewayawa na direba (na TREG na biyu), ana rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki, mai yuwuwar taimakawa sanyaya majalisar da shirin ɗaukar wutar lantarki.
Aikace-aikace da Takaitawa
Hukumar Kare Gaggawa ta Turbine ta IS215VPROH2B wata makala ce ta 'masu kulawa' a cikin gine-ginen aminci na manyan injin injin iskar gas na zamani. Ya ketare iyakokin tsarin sarrafawa na al'ada, yana samar da keɓaɓɓen Tsarin Kayan Aikin Kariya (SIS) wanda ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin Matsayin Safety Integrity (SIL). Darajarta ba ta ta'allaka ne kawai wajen samar da Kariyar Saurin Gaggawa ba, amma, mafi mahimmanci, wajen kafa ingantaccen 'iyaka mai wuyar aminci' ta hanyar tsararren ƙirar keɓewar sa sau uku, kayan aikin aminci mai ƙarfi, da gine-gine mai zaman kansa daga cibiyar sadarwa.
A cikin aikace-aikacen, tsarin VPRO yana samar da dangantaka mai zurfi 'kariya interlocking' dangantaka tare da babban tsarin sarrafawa (VTUR, da dai sauransu): babban tsarin yana kula da madaidaicin iko da kariya ta farko, yayin da VPRO ke aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta, amintacce madadin. Suna saka idanu da juna ta hanyoyi kamar kwatanta bambancin saurin gudu da masu sa ido. Rashin gazawa a cikin ɗayan ɗayan yana iya ganowa kuma yana iya ƙaddamar da aikin aminci, yana haɓaka haƙuri da amincin kuskuren tsarin gaba ɗaya.
