Tsarin Triconex V10, wanda Invensys Operations Management ya haɓaka (yanzu wani ɓangare na Schneider Electric), ingantaccen abin dogaro ne kuma yana samuwa sau uku Modular Redundant (TMR) Mai sarrafa Ma'ajin Mahimmanci (PLC) da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antu tare da babban aminci da buƙatun aminci kamar ikon nukiliya, petrochemical, da samar da wutar lantarki. An zaɓi wannan tsarin don aikin haɓaka Tsarin Tsarin Tsari (PPS) a Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant, wanda ya maye gurbin ainihin tsarin aminci na Westinghouse Eagle 21.
Tsarin Triconex V10 yana amfani da tsarin gine-ginen Modular Redundant (TMR) sau uku ta hanyar kayan aiki da kayan aiki da yawa da ƙira na software, tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki da ingantaccen kariya koda lokacin faɗuwar maki ɗaya ko mahara.
Ka'idoji na asali na TMR Architecture
Tushen tsarin Triconex shine tsarin gine-ginen sa sau uku Modular Redundant (TMR), wanda ke samun babban juriya mai girman gaske da amincin tsarin ta hanyar keɓewar jiki, sarrafa layi ɗaya, da yawancin hanyoyin jefa ƙuri'a. Gabaɗayan tsarin ya ƙunshi tashoshi guda uku masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu, kowannensu yana ɗauke da cikakkiyar siginar sarrafa sigina: daga shigar da siginar firikwensin, canjin analog/dijital, babban aikin sarrafawa na dabaru na sarrafawa, zuwa fitar da fitarwa ta ƙarshe. Wadannan tashoshi guda uku sun kebe gaba daya ta jiki da na lantarki, don tabbatar da cewa gazawa a kowane tashoshi daya ba zai shafi aikin sauran tashoshi biyu na yau da kullun ba.
A farkon kowane zagayowar dubawa, manyan manyan kayayyaki guda uku suna aiki tare da lokaci da musayar bayanai ta hanyar bas ɗin aiki mai sauri mai sauri na TriBus. TriBus ita ma an ƙirƙira ta tare da sakewa sau uku, mai ɗauke da hanyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu guda uku, kowanne na musamman yana ba da tashar Main Processor guda ɗaya. Wannan ƙirar tana tabbatar da cewa ko da hanyar haɗin TriBus ɗaya ta gaza, sauran hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon na iya ci gaba da kula da tsarin sadarwa da ayyukan aiki tare. Bayan aiki tare, kowane Mai sarrafa na'ura yana fara karanta bayanan shigarwa daga tashar da ta dace. Don siginar shigar da dijital, tsarin yana amfani da tsarin zaɓe na kayan masarufi inda tashoshi uku ke karanta sigina iri ɗaya daban, sannan tantance ƙimar inganci ta ƙarshe ta mafi yawan zaɓe. Wannan ƙira na iya kare siginonin kuskure ta atomatik wanda ya haifar da gazawar tashoshi ko tsangwama na waje.
Don siginar shigar da analog, tsarin yana amfani da zaɓi na tsaka-tsaki don aiki. Tashoshi uku daban-daban samfuri kuma suna yin jujjuya analog-zuwa-dijital akan siginar analog, sannan kwatanta sakamakon juyawa uku kuma zaɓi ƙimar matsakaici azaman shigarwa mai inganci. Wannan hanyar sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata tana danne tsangwama a cikin amo yayin da take guje wa karkacewar sigina sakamakon gazawar tasha guda ɗaya. Bayan an zaɓi duk siginar shigarwa ko zaɓi, ana samar da madaidaiciyar tebirin bayanan shigarwa don Manyan Masu sarrafawa guda uku don aiwatar da dabarun sarrafawa.
Yin aiwatar da shirin sarrafawa yana da cikakken zaman kansa kuma yana daidai da tashoshi uku. Kowane Main Processor, dangane da daidaitattun bayanan shigarwa, yana aiwatar da algorithm iri ɗaya kuma yana haifar da sakamakon fitarwa. Dole ne a sake yin wani tsarin zaɓe kafin a aika da bayanan fitarwa zuwa na'urorin fitarwa. Kowane Main Processor yana aika bayanan fitar da shi zuwa ga sauran Manyan Ma'aikata guda biyu ta hanyar TriBus, kuma masu sarrafa guda uku suna yin kwatancen da zabar bayanan fitarwa. Idan bayanan fitar da na'ura mai sarrafawa bai dace da sauran biyun ba, tsarin yana nuna shi a matsayin tashar da ba ta da kyau, ya keɓe fitar da shi, kuma yana ba da damar sauran tashoshi biyu masu lafiya su ci gaba da yin aikin sarrafawa.
Na'urorin fitarwa kuma suna ɗaukar ƙira mai sau uku, tare da kowane wurin fitarwa ta hanyar da'irori masu zaman kansu guda uku. Na'urori masu fitarwa suna da aikin ginanniyar Ayyukan Binciken Zaɓuɓɓuka (OVD), masu iya yin gwajin tilastawa lokaci-lokaci akan kowane wurin fitarwa. Tsarin bi-da-bi yana tilasta wuraren fitarwa zuwa jahohi masu kuzari da rage kuzari da gano ko amsawar fitarwa ta al'ada ce. Ana iya kammala wannan gwajin a cikin daƙiƙa 500 zuwa milli seconds 2, yana tabbatar da amincin da'irar fitarwa. Ana gudanar da duk gwaje-gwajen bincike a yanayin TMR, yana ba da garantin gano kuskure 100% a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayin gazawar maki ɗaya.
Ana samun haƙurin kuskuren tsarin ta hanyoyi da yawa na bincike da hanyoyin kariya. Kowane babban na'ura mai sarrafawa yana sanye take da gano ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai zaman kanta, sa ido kan agogo, da masu ƙidayar lokaci. Hakanan na'urorin I/O suna da na'urorin sarrafa nasu da na'urorin sa ido don sa ido kan aiwatar da firmware da matsayin sadarwa. Duk tsarin bas (TriBus, I/O Bus, Bus Sadarwa) suna ɗaukar ƙira sau uku kuma suna da ayyukan sa ido na ci gaba. Lokacin da aka gano kuskure, tsarin zai iya keɓe ɓarna ta atomatik kuma ya sanar da masu aiki ta fitilun nuni da siginar ƙararrawa. Za'a iya maye gurbin na'urori marasa kuskure yayin da tsarin ke gudana, yana ba da damar gyara kan layi na gaskiya da haɓaka samar da tsarin.
Tsarin Tsarin da Ayyuka
Tsarin kayan masarufi na Triconex V10 yana ɗaukar ƙira mai ƙima, yana ba da haɓaka mai kyau da sassauci. Kowane cikakken Saitin Kariya ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda uku: Babban Chassis, Chassis na Farko na Farko mai Nisa (Primary RXM), da kuma Chassis Nesa Na Nisa (RXM mai nisa). Wannan ƙirar ƙira tana tabbatar da amincin ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da aminci yayin samar da damar dubawa don sadarwa tare da tsarin marasa aminci.
Babban Chassis shine ainihin sashin sarrafa tsarin gabaɗayan, yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira-ƙirar masana'antu tare da babban rigakafi ga tsangwama da daidaita yanayin muhalli. A gefen hagu mai nisa na chassis akwai na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki masu zaman kansu guda biyu da aka saita su a sakewa; kowane na iya sarrafa kansa gabaɗayan chassis. Ana rarraba wutar lantarki tare da tsakiyar jirgin baya ta hanyar dogo na wutar lantarki guda biyu, tare da kowane samfurin yana zana wutar lantarki daga duka dogo biyu ta hanyar masu sarrafa wutar lantarki guda biyu, yana tabbatar da amincin tsarin wutar lantarki. Nan da nan kusa da na'urorin wutar lantarki akwai 3008N Main Processor modules (MP A, B, C). Waɗannan samfuran suna amfani da 32-bit aminci-grade microprocessors, kowanne yana ɗauke da na'urorin sarrafawa guda biyu: Mai sarrafa aikace-aikacen da I/O & Mai Kula da Sadarwa (IOCCOM). Mai sarrafa aikace-aikacen yana da alhakin gudanar da tsarin aiki na ETSX da aiwatar da aikace-aikacen sarrafawa, yayin da mai sarrafa IOCCOM ke sarrafa I/O Bus da Bus Sadarwa.
Ragowar Babban Chassis ya kasu kashi shida na ma'ana don shigar da nau'ikan I/O daban-daban da na'urorin sadarwa. Kowane ramin ma'ana yana ba da matsayi na zahiri guda biyu, ɗaya don ƙirar mai aiki da wani don zaɓi na zaɓin yanayin jiran aiki. Wannan zane yana ba da damar maye gurbin ɓangarorin da ba su da kyau ba tare da katse aikin tsarin ba. Ramin tsarin sadarwa an sadaukar da shi kuma baya samar da matsayi mai zafi. Duk samfuran suna haɗawa da tsarin bas ɗin baya ta hanyar daidaitattun masu haɗin jirgin baya, suna tabbatar da amincin sigina da aminci.
An haɗa Chassis na Farko na Farko mai nisa (Primary RXM) zuwa Babban Chassis ta igiyoyin bas I/O masu sau uku kuma ana amfani dashi don faɗaɗa maki I/O masu alaƙa da aminci. Tsarin chassis na RXM yayi kama da Babban Chassis, amma ana shigar da na'urorin RXM a cikin manyan Ma'auni. Waɗannan samfuran suna da alhakin sarrafa sadarwa da watsa bayanai tsakanin haɓakar chassis da Babban Chassis. Ana shigar da chassis na Farko na RXM a kusa da Babban Chassis kuma ana amfani dashi don ɗaukar abubuwan I/O waɗanda ke da alaƙa da aminci amma basa buƙatar kasancewa a cikin Babban Chassis.
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Fiber Optics, yana ba da warewa na lantarki da na jiki tsakanin tsarin aminci da tsarin rashin tsaro. The Remote RXM chassis yana amfani da nau'ikan RXM-jeri na 4200, waɗanda ke canza siginar bas ɗin I/O na tushen jan ƙarfe zuwa siginar gani don watsawa akan fiber. Kowace tashar bas ta I/O (A, B, C) tana buƙatar nau'ikan nau'ikan 4200-4201 RXM da zaruruwa biyu (mai watsawa ɗaya, ɗaya karɓa), jimlar zaruruwa shida don haɗa Primary RXM da Remote RXM chassis. Wannan ƙirar tana ba da cikakkiyar keɓewar lantarki, yadda ya kamata ya hana madaukai na ƙasa da batutuwan kutse na lantarki, yayin da ke tabbatar da amincin sigina a cikin nisa mai nisa.
Tsarin gine-ginen motar bas na tsarin yana amfani da ƙira mai yawan gaske. TriBus babbar motar bas ce mai sauri ta ciki wacce ke haɗa Manyan Masu sarrafawa guda uku, ana amfani da su don daidaita bayanai, loda shirye-shirye, da kuma yin zaɓe. I/O Bus bas ne na tsarin da ke haɗa Main Processors zuwa I/O modules, ta yin amfani da ka'idar sadarwar siriyal-bawa tare da adadin watsawa na 375 kbps. Bus ɗin Sadarwa yana haɗa Babban Processors zuwa tsarin sadarwa akan ƙimar 2 Mbps kuma ana amfani dashi don sadarwa tare da tsarin waje. Duk motocin bas ɗin suna da sau uku, tare da kowane bas yana da gano kuskure mai zaman kansa da hanyoyin keɓewa.
Dangane da sadarwa da keɓewa, tsarin yana ba da garantin aminci mai ƙarfi. Module Sadarwar Tricon (TCM) ita ce kawai hanyar sadarwar sadarwa da aka ƙware don aikace-aikacen amincin nukiliya, samar da keɓancewar lantarki da bayanai. TCM tana amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na fiber optic don haɗawa da cibiyoyin sadarwa na waje, tabbatar da cewa kurakuran sadarwa ba su shafar aiwatar da ayyukan aminci. Ma'aikatar Kulawa (MWS) tana sadarwa tare da tsarin Tricon ta hanyar TCM, ana amfani da shi don sa ido kan yanayin tsarin, duba bayanan bincike, da yin gyare-gyaren siga. Duk sadarwa tare da tsarin marasa tsaro suna fuskantar tsauraran ikon samun dama da kuma duba tsaro, tabbatar da amincin tsarin aminci ba a cikin matsala.
Tsarin yana ba da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan I/O iri-iri, gami da Analog Input (AI), Analog Output (AO), Input Dijital (DI), da Digital Output (DO), da sauransu. Kowane tsarin I/O yana ɗaukar ƙira mai sau uku-uku, tare da tashoshi masu zaman kansu guda uku, kowanne yana da nasa na'ura mai sarrafa kansa da na'urorin bincike. Samfuran shigarwar analog suna goyan bayan nau'ikan sigina iri-iri kamar 4-20mA, RTD, da thermocouple, suna nuna daidaici mai girma da ƙaƙƙarfan amo. Na'urorin fitarwa na dijital suna amfani da fasaha na Output Voter Diagnostics (OVD), mai ikon gwada amincin kowane ma'aunin fitarwa lokaci-lokaci. Duk nau'ikan I/O suna goyan bayan ayyukan musanya mai zafi, ba da damar sauyawa yayin da tsarin ke gudana, yana haɓaka haɓakar tsarin da samuwa sosai.
Software Architecture
1. Operating System da Firmware
Tsarin Aiki na ETSX: Yana gudana akan Mai sarrafa aikace-aikacen kowane MP, mai alhakin tsara tsarin, sarrafa sakewa, da sarrafa kuskure.
IOCCOM Processor: Yana sarrafa I/O da Buses Sadarwa, musayar bayanai tare da MP ta Dual-Port RAM (DPRAM).
2. Application Software
TriStation 1131: Ana amfani da shi don haɓaka software na aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa da aminci, yana goyan bayan zane-zane na Aiki (FBD) da Tsarin Rubutu (ST) na shirye-shirye.
Matsayin Mutuncin Software (SIL4): Ya dace da ma'aunin IEEE 1012-1998, wanda ya dace da tsarin da ke da alaƙa da amincin nukiliya.
3. Ayyukan Kulawa da Gwaji akan layi
Canjawa mara-wajen Sabis (OOS): Yana ba da damar cire takamaiman aikin kariya daga sabis na ɗan lokaci don gwaji ko gyara siga ba tare da shafar wasu ayyukan aminci ba.
Ayyukan Keɓancewa: Ana iya ketare tasho ta hanyar software ko musanya kayan aiki don tabbatarwa ko dalilai na gwaji.
Bincike da Ƙararrawa: Tsarin yana ci gaba da lura da matsayin kowane nau'i kuma yana ba da cikakkun bayanai na kuskure ta hanyar MWS.
Yanayin Aikace-aikacen da Fa'idodi
1. Tsarin Kariyar Tsarin Tsarin Wutar Nukiliya (PPS)
Aiki: Yana sa ido kan sigogin shuka (kamar zafin jiki, matsa lamba, matakin ruwa, da sauransu), kwatanta su a kan matakan saiti, kuma yana haifar da Tsarin Tafiya na Reactor (RTS) ko Tsarin Ayyukan Ayyukan Tsaro na Injiniya (ESFAS) idan an wuce iyaka.
Rabuwar tasho: Saitunan Kariya huɗu (I-IV) suna ɗaukar ayyuka daban-daban na aminci bi da bi, yana tabbatar da sakewa da 'yancin kai.
2. Abũbuwan amfãni da kuma Features
Babban Dogara: TMR gine-gine yana tabbatar da babu ma'ana guda na gazawa.
Babban Samuwar: Yana goyan bayan gyaran kan layi da canjin yanayin zafi.
Sassauci: Yana goyan bayan nau'ikan I/O iri-iri da ka'idojin sadarwa.
Tsaro: Ya bi ka'idodin amincin nukiliya (misali, 10 CFR 50 Shafi B), RG 1.152, da sauran buƙatu.
Sauƙin Kulawa: Yana ba da cikakkun bayanan bincike da damar sa ido mai nisa.
Bayani:https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1131/ML11318A029.pdf
